European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Hematological and inflammatory markers play a crucial role in assessing and differentiating between granulomatous and non-granulomatous lymphadenitis. Lymphadenitis refers to the inflammation of lymph nodes, and it can be categorized based on the presence or absence of granulomas. Granulomatous lymphadenitis is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are aggregates of immune cells, particularly macrophages, that are surrounded by lymphocytes. Non-granulomatous lymphadenitis, on the other hand, lacks the formation of granulomas. Inflammatory markers play a crucial role in assessing and distinguishing between granulomatous and non-granulomatous lymphadenitis. These markers are substances in the blood that are elevated in response to inflammation. Here's an overview of the role of inflammatory markers in these two types of lymphadenitis. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year. The study included 160 patients sample neck mass cases. Research participants were categorized as granulomatous and reactive lymphadenitis according to their cytological report. Samples were collected in tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and analyzed by automated blood count according to hospital procedures. An automated hematological analyzer was used to measure hematological parameters. We studied parameters such as TLC(Total leucocyte count), DLC(Differential Leucocyte Count), NLR(Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR(Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio). CRP was measured on a semi-automated analyzer 300, and ESR by the Westergren method. Result: In our study, out of a total of 160 cases, 80 were classified as granulomatous and 80 cases as reactive lymphadenitis. In the studied population, there were 64.5% females and 35.5% males. In our study found a female preponderance in both study groups as indicated. The average age of the study group was 29.59±0.95 in granulomatous lymphadenitis and 28.36±18.65 in non-granulomatous. All laboratory parameters in the two groups of lymphadenitis are shown in Table 4 indicating differences in their mean values. Hematological parameters such as NLR, PLR and CRP were significantly increased in patients of granulomatous disease and showed statistical significance with disease severity (P<0.001) where as other parameters such as TLC, ESR was not significant. Conclusion: Hematological and biochemical parameters like NLR, PLR, and CRP can give us some indication before FNAC for the presence of granulomatous and non-granulomatous lymphadenitis. It will help the treating doctor think methodically about early case identification and avoid diagnostic delays in situations like tuberculosis, especially at the primary care level.