European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Fever is one of the common reasons for OPD as well as in patient admission department. Due to improvements of laboratory facilities & imaging the incidence and etiological profile of fever have drastically changed. Proper history taking and systematic examination remains the gold standard for fever evading diagnosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the department of emergency medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital from January to June 2016. Adult patients presenting to Emergency department with acute undifferentiated fever were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were calculated in terms of mean±SD for continuous variables like age of the patients and duration of fever, whereas frequency and percentage were computed for categorical variables like gender and causes of fever. Result: In this study typhoid fever was the most common cause of undifferentiated fever (28.9%) followed by malaria (17.8%), dengue fever (13.3%), Acute gastroenteritis (16.7%), Pneumonia (12.2%), Bronchiolitis (5.6%), Hepatitis  (3.3%) and Pharyngotonsillitis (2.2%). Treatment- Enteric fever was treated with Ceftriaxone. Chloroquine was used for treatment of Malaria. Dengue was treated symptomatically and with fluids according to Dengue protocol. If fever persisted even after 6 days of antibiotics, then Azithromycin was added. In the undiagnosed fever category, received empirical antibiotics. Conclusion: Malaria was found to be the most common confirmed cause of acute undifferentiated fever followed by dengue and enteric fever. The provision of accurate epidemiological data will enable resources to be directed towards key areas and will be of practical importance to clinicians

Aim: To assess obstetric patients treated in anesthesiology intensive care unit. Methods: We retrospectively screened 269 patients. In all patients, gestational age, mode of delivery, parity, referring clinic, previous medical disease, diagnosis at admission, APACHE II Score and GCS score were recorded. Clinical course in intensive care unit and cause of death in non-survivors were recorded. Results: The percentage of obstetric patients treated in intensive care unit was 9.4% with a mortality rate of 3.7%. Preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome were leading causes for intensive care unit admission. Conclusion: Most common cause of death was postpartum bleeding and its complication.

The immune system is highly dependent on precise communication between cells for optimal function, and any damage to the signaling systems involved will result in an impaired ability to mount an immune response. A cross- sectional survey of 212 participants from different cities of Iraq was conducted to explore the effect of eating fruits & vegetables and taking vitamins on the immunity status like recurrent infection, COVID19 and chronic diseases. The data collected by using survey targeted to all cities of Baghdad. The questionnaires were distributed online using Google Forms. It will be a convenient sample. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical package social science (SPSS) program version 23.0 and demonstrated in tables and graphs. Sample test was used to decide if there is statistical difference or not. The survey generated 212 responses. Regarding on the question about the chronic disease 94.3% of the answers don’t have chronic diseases and 5.7% were had chronic diseases. Concerning the question about COVID19 infection65.1% of the answers was not infected and 34.9% were infected. The question regarding the recurrent infection 18.4%suffered from recurrent infection and 81.6% were not. The question regarding eating fruits & vegetables89.2% eating frequently and 10.8% were not. The question regarding taking vitamins50.0% of participants were taking vitamins and 50.0% were not. The increase immune protection by immunostimulant factor from food like eating fruits & vegetables or by therapeutic adjuvant like vitamins and minerals is useful in increase immunological status and help in protection against microbial infection.

Background: Bile duct injury is severe and potentially life threatening complication of cholecystectomy. It ruins the patient physically, mentally, socially and financially. The incidence of bile duct injury is alarming in our country. Management of such patients needs to be explained. Methods: It is a cross- sectional descriptive study carried out in the Department of Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period January 2018 to July 2020. A total of 70 patients diagnosed as bile duct injury were included in the study. Bile duct injury that occurs during liver or pancreases surgery or accident was excluded. Data were collected using a predesigned data collection sheet and analyzed using computer software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22. Results: Young and female patients suffer more 44(62.9%) than male. Occurrence was common during laparoscopic cholecystectomy 42(60%). Most of bile duct injury occur when cholecystectomy done on acute condition of gall bladder 59(84.3%). Most of bile duct injury patient came to specialized center after several week of injury with billiary stricture 54 (77.14%) with jaundice, some patients presented with abdominal pain 48(68.6%), abdominal distension 18(25.7), biliary peritonitis 16(22.9) and biliary fistula 14(20%). Patients with bile duct injury were evaluated by USG, liver function test, ERCP and MRCP. Maximum BDI patients were Bismath Type II 32(45.7%) and Bismath Type III 18(25.7%). Out of 70 cases USG performed 68 cases (2 patients repair at the time of surgery) and these investigations provided valuable information about condition of biliary tree, hepatic parenchyma and ductal system also intra-abdominal collection. 14 patients were done ERCP. Billiary stricture in different level seen among most of the patients (10). Bile leakage seen among 4 patients and all were underwent ERCP stenting. Conclusion: The present study showed that bile duct injury occurs mostly in young female with acute cholecystitis. Common presentation was obstructive jaundice and biliary sepsis. Bismuth Type II and III were most common form of stricture. Biliary reconstruction (Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy) was the treatment for biliary stricture. Peritoneal toileting, controlled fistula and later on biliary reconstruction was the treatment of biliary sepsis.