European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background and Objectives: The high rate of farmer suicide in India is impacted by various demographic and socioeconomic factors; it is a serious public health concern. Finding out who is at risk and how to best prevent suicide attempts among farmers requires knowledge of the demographics and socioeconomic status of those admitted after the attempt. The current research set out to describe the demographics and socioeconomic status of farmers who sought treatment at a major medical center after a suicide attempt. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out in a hospital over the course of a year involving 30 farmers who were admitted after attempting suicide. Age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, family type, landholding pattern, monthly income, and debt were some of the socio-demographic characteristics covered by a pre-designed and semi-structured proforma that was used to gather data. Frequencies and percentages were used to express the data that was studied using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 23 men and 7 females out of 30 patients, or 76.7% and 23.3%, respectively. Eighteen patients, or 60% of the total, were in the 31-50 age bracket, with seven patients, or 23.3%, falling into the 18-30 age bracket. The majority of patients belonged to nuclear families and were married (22, 73.3%). There were 12 people with primary education (40%), 9 with secondary education (30%), 5 with illiteracy (16.7%), and 4 with education beyond secondary level (13.3%). Twenty patients (66.7%) had a monthly income below ₹10,000, and a significant number were small or marginal farmers (21, 70%). Thirteen patients (56.7% of the total) reported crop failure in the previous year, while twenty-three patients (76.7% of the total) reported being indebted. Twenty people (66.7% of the total) attempted suicide by swallowing pesticides. Conclusion: Suicide attempts are most common among middle-aged married men farmers from nuclear families who had low incomes, tiny landholdings, and substantial debt, according to the study. Important socioeconomic factors include debt and crop failure. This vulnerable group may see a decrease in suicide attempts if financial assistance programs, mental health services, and welfare programs are all strengthened and tailored to farmers.

Biomedical Waste Management (BMW) is critical for maintaining hygiene and safety in healthcare settings. This study assesses the awareness levels regarding BMW management among medical students in 2019. Conducted over two months in a medical college, the research involved a cross-sectional survey of 150 students using a structured questionnaire. The study revealed that while most students were aware of the importance of BMW management, gaps existed in their knowledge of segregation and disposal practices. Factors such as year of study and prior exposure to training significantly influenced awareness levels. The study highlights the urgent need for enhanced training programs to ensure proper BMW practices among future healthcare providers.

Background: Fracture healing assessment remains a cornerstone in evaluating the efficacy of fixation methods. Intramedullary nailing provides stable fixation and early mobilization, yet objective correlation between clinical and radiological union is essential to guide postoperative rehabilitation and predict outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and radiological correlation of fracture healing in long bones managed with intramedullary nailing and to assess functional outcomes and complications. Methods: This prospective observational study included 50 patients with femoral or tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. Patients were followed up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks for clinical (pain, tenderness, mobility) and radiological (bridging callus in ≥3 cortices) signs of union. Functional outcomes were graded using the Johner and Wruhs criteria. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age was 37.6 ± 11.2 years, with males constituting 68%. Tibial fractures were more frequent (56%) than femoral (44%). Clinical and radiological union at 12 weeks were 70% and 76%, respectively, progressing to 94% by 24 weeks. The mean time to union was 17.2 ± 3.6 weeks, with a strong correlation between clinical and radiological healing (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Excellent-to-good functional outcomes were achieved in 84% of patients, and minor complications occurred in 16%. Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing ensures high union rates with excellent clinico-radiological concordance and minimal complications, reinforcing its role as a standard treatment for long bone fractures

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in Pediatric patients. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens has complicated empirical treatment strategies, necessitating continuous surveillance of resistance patterns.  Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance profiles in pediatric UTIs over a 12-month period. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted over one year in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 pediatric patients (aged 1 month to 12 years) clinically diagnosed with UTI were enrolled. Midstream urine samples were collected and processed for culture and sensitivity. The isolated organisms were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more antibiotic classes. Results: Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (66%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Proteus mirabilis (8%), Enterococcus faecalis (6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). High resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (84.8% in E. coli, 92.9% in Klebsiella), cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. Nitrofurantoin and imipenem retained better sensitivity. Overall, 38% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. A rising trend in resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole was noted over the study period.  Conclusion: This study highlights the alarming prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric UTIs, particularly among Gram-negative organisms. Regular monitoring of resistance patterns is essential to guide empirical therapy and limit the spread of MDR pathogens.

Background: Neonatal mortality rate contributes significantly to under-five mortality rates. Data obtained from patterns of admission and outcomes may uncover various aspects and help in managing resources, infrastructure, and skilled personnel for better outcomes in the future. Method: This was a retrospective study conducted in the NICU at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, India. Data of all admitted neonates were analyzed with regard to age, sex, weight, cause of admission, and outcome. Results: During the study period, a total of 175 neonates were analyzed. Males were predominant over females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.21:1. The majority of newborns belonged to the low-birth-weight category (46.28%), followed by normal birth weight (30.28%), very low birth weight (18.28%), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies. The maximum number of admissions were due to prematurity (54%), followed by neonatal sepsis (12.57%), meconium aspiration syndrome (9.17%), and birth asphyxia (9.14%). Out of 175 babies, 29 (17.14%) died. The highest mortality was found among cases of prematurity (62%), followed by birth asphyxia (20.69%), and neonatal sepsis (10.34%). Conclusion: Prematurity, neonatal sepsis, birth asphyxia, and meconium aspiration syndrome were the major indications for admission. Prematurity, birth asphyxia, and neonatal sepsis were the leading causes of mortality in this study. These mortalities can be reduced with better management of antenatal and perinatal periods, early recognition of critical conditions, timely intervention, and early referral to higher centers.

Background: According to World Health Organization, of the diagnosed oral cancer worldwide around 40% occur in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.  Methods: 200 Patients of either sex with clinical features suggestive of benign, premalignant intraoral pathologies and fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Written informed consent was obtained prior to enrolment into the study.  Results: Tobacco chewing and supari (areca-nut) chewing was significantly higher in premalignant conditions (Leukoplakia) than benign lesions. No significant difference in smoking and alcohol consumption between premalignant conditions and benign lesions.  Conclusion: Tobacco chewing and arecanut (supari) consumption was significantly higher in premalignant lesions than benign lesions

Introduction: Angioedema (AE) is a reason for emergency care when it is severe. Care is difficult when the diagnostic is not known before the attack: Mast Cell (MC) or Bradykinin (BK) mediated. One is very common but often benign, the other rare but potentially fatal. The French national reference center of AE (CREAK) provides emergency physicians with a hotline and a guideline to help them manage their patients. Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical features of AE episodes prompting a call on the CREAK hotline and classify patients depending on the suspected cause of the AE. Methods: It’s a retrospective study between March and August 2018. Each physician calling on the CREAK hotline was asked to fill a clinical description form for the AE emergency. Known patients of CREAK were excluded.

This study was conducted on 60 samples of local dairy products from fresh unsalted white sheep cheese, locally manufactured pasteurized and non-pasteurized, as well as salted cheese found in the local markets of Samarra city.For the period form January to March 2021, which microbial tests were carried out, included the total bacterial number, the total count of Coliform, and the total number of molds. Research results showed a high content of unsalted cheese from the Microorganisms that included a number of human pathogens and food poisoning triggers. The results in this study showed the emergence of five different types of bacteria, namely Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Brucelle and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest numbers, ranging from (7000) × 10 - 3 in unsalted cheese samples, were significantly higher than salted cheese samples, with the highest percentage (300) × 10-3 for fungi. These species appeared in local products studied and were more often in unsalted and non-pasteurized cheese samples. Also, studied allergic types for Antibiotic.

Background: Hypertension, the leading global risk factor for mortality and the third leading risk factor for disease burden, is an increasing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence & associated risk factors of hypertension among Assosa town. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factor and to increase awareness of controlling hypertension among study subjects. Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross sectional study design with quota non-probability sampling technique was conducted among patients visited OPD units of AGH and AHC from March to June 2018. All outpatients were included. Data was collected by face to face interviews using pre-tested structured questionnaire. SPSS version -20 software was used to enter and analyze data. Descriptive statistics like frequency table, chi-square test of independence and logistic regression was used to characterize disease and associated factors.

The high infant mortality rate (IMR) is partly due to the increased prevalence of LBW. Appropriate management is needed in an effort to provide adequate care for infants with LBW. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the kangaroo method to low birth weight babies on increasing infant weight in the Perinatology Room at Bhayangkara Hospital Tulungagung in 2022.The research design used is Quasy Experiment with Post Test Only Group Control approach. The population is all babies with low birth weight in the perinatology room at Bhayangkara Hospital Tulungagung. The sample was some LBW infants in the perinatology room at Bhayangkara Tulungagung Hospital with a total of 30 respondents who were selected using the consecutive sampling method. This research instrument uses an observation sheet that is equipped with general research data

Post-partum Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening occurrence. A lady with such illness was successfully cured with anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibodies and mycophenolate [1]. This lady had been infertile for seven years, and underwent six attempts of in vitro fertilization without success. Several authors, and ourselves, found that a common cause of couple infertility is the infection by Helicobacter pylori, which can be cured at low price if recognized [2-4]. Moreover, in vitro fertilization reportedly failed in cases of ladies suffering of unrecognized infection by H. pylori [5], possibly by molecular mimicry between sperm and bacterial antigens [3,5,6]. Not only so, but this woman had been known to suffer of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). This illness had been found closely linked to H. pylori infection and to be reversible by eradication of the bacterium [7-9]. In conclusion we wish to stress the opportunity to test for presence of H.pylori in the long list of tests usually performed in infertile couple, and prior to pregnancy.

Numerous rules exist in the medical field which we read in our undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum and few of the rules are popular. One such new rule in diabetic foot is Amit Jain’s rule of 3 which is one of the largest rules in field of medicine/surgery. This article aims to highlight this new open rule in diabetic foot.