European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Early-onset ischemic heart disease (IHD) is increasingly prevalent in South Asian populations, driven by the clustering of metabolic risk factors. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity are interrelated conditions that may synergistically accelerate coronary atherosclerosis. Objective: To evaluate the coexistence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity as predictors of disease severity in patients with early-onset IHD. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at SVS Medical College, Mahbubnagar, from January to June 2021. Adults aged ≤55 years (men) and ≤65 years (women) with confirmed IHD were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting lipid profiles were assessed. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity were defined according to JNC-8, NCEP-ATP III, and WHO/IDF Asian-specific criteria. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression using SPSS version 22. Results: Among 106 participants (mean age 49.6 ± 6.4 years; 67.9% male), hypertension was observed in 58.5%, dyslipidemia in 66.0%, and central obesity in 70.8%. Coexistence of all three risk factors occurred in 45.3% of patients. This triad independently predicted severe IHD (NSTEMI/STEMI) with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.82 (95% CI: 1.54–9.47, p = 0.004). Hypertension and dyslipidemia were also significant individual predictors, whereas central obesity showed a positive but non-significant association. Conclusion: The coexistence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity significantly increased the likelihood of severe early-onset IHD. Early screening and simultaneous management of these metabolic risk factors are crucial to reduce premature coronary morbidity and mortality in South Asian adults.

Background: The efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in regional anesthesia has been widely explored. This study aimed to compare the effects of 4 mg and 8 mg dexamethasone as adjuvants to 0.25% bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb orthopedic surgeries. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients undergoing upper limb orthopedic surgeries. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 4 mg (Group A) or 8 mg (Group B) dexamethasone with 0.25% bupivacaine in the supraclavicular block. The primary outcomes included the onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks. Secondary outcomes included postoperative analgesia, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal side effects, and the need for additional analgesics. Results: The onset of sensory and motor blocks was significantly faster in Group B (p < 0.05). The duration of sensory and motor blocks was significantly longer in Group B compared to Group A (p < 0.01). The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group B (p < 0.01). Group B also had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (p < 0.05), fewer gastrointestinal side effects (p < 0.05), and a reduced need for pentazocine for analgesia (p < 0.05) compared to Group A. Conclusion: The addition of 8 mg dexamethasone to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block enhances the onset and duration of block, prolongs postoperative analgesia, reduces nausea and vomiting, and decreases the need for additional analgesia compared to 4 mg dexamethasone.

Background: Ocular trauma can result in myriads of presentations, traumatic cataract being one of them. The aim of present study is to find out etiological factors, demographic profile, factors affecting visual outcome in patients of traumatic cataract. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre in patients who was presented with unilateral traumatic cataract, underwent surgical intervention and completed at least 6 months. Patients of both genders and all age groups with unilateral traumatic cataract were included in the study. Patient's data including demographic details, causative agents, initial visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination findings, B-scan findings, treatment / surgery, early and late complications and final outcome were obtained from patient's chart in the hospital record. Removal of cataract was performed as a second and separate procedure in patients of perforating ocular injury, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed only in patients with adequate capsular support. Patients without any capsular support were kept aphakic. Anterior vitrectomy was performed in patients with posterior capsular tear and vitreous prolapse. Result: Majority of the cases were seen in age group 5-14 years with male preponderance. 60% were penetrating trauma and 40% were blunt trauma. Corneal and iris tissue injuries were the most common associated injuries. Final visual acuity was 9/9-9/27 in 43% of patients, 9/36-4/90 in 31% of patients and less than 4/90 in 26% of patients. The most common late complication was PCO. On comparing final visual outcome among adult and pediatric age group, there was no significant difference. The time interval between injury and intervention had no significant effect on final visual outcome. Conclusion: The use of topical cyclosporine (0.05%) eye drops in patients with moderate to severe EKC is recommended as an effective and safe alternative to topical steroids

Pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives are in general well-known five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities. In the last few decades, more than 40 pyrazole-containing drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of a broad range of clinical conditions including hereditary angioedema, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases etc. In order to design the drug rationally, we have devised a more versatile and convenient synthesis of pyrazole chalcones (4a-r) using (PEG-400) as a reaction medium through Claisen-Schmidt condensation method by applying the principles of “Green Chemistry.” All the synthesized pyrazole chalcone derivatives were confirmed structurally by means of IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and Mass spectral analysis.

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 42,148.788 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 11,901,484 persons in Rwanda.

Introduction: Since the first detection on 8th March 2020 in Bangladesh, the number of cases is rising alarmingly. The paediatric population is also getting infected in Bangladesh. So far there is very few studies of COVID in children in this country. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to explore the demographic profile, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and outcomes of COVID-19 children patients. Methods: This is a retrospective hospital-based study; 149 Children were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2021 at the Department of Pediatrics in Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: Among 149 patients were included in the study over a period of 13months. Mean age was 59.96 ± 43.24 months, 48% were male and 52% were female. Out of 149 cases 7(4.6%) cases were associated with co-morbidities like congenital heart disease& bronchial asthma was 2(1.34%) followed by hereditary hemolytic anaemia, adenoid and ROP was 1(0.67%) (Table-4). Out of all 149 patients 125(83.89%) patients were improved and discharged, 12(8.05%) patients transferred to other hospitals and 5(3.36%) childs died in this study. Conclusion: During the pandemic of COVID19 Children were also affected due to household contact. Children present with flu like illness with or without other system involvement should be investigated for COVID19, as because early diagnosis will help to restrict the spread of the virus and will help to get a better outcome

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is leading due to disability and death of the working population, and successful its treatment is largely determined by maintaining adequate coronary blood flow, including through interventions, percutaneous interventions. This article describes the efficacy of the adding herbal hepatoprotector - Hepofresh 2 tablets 3 times a day on the framework of the standard therapy on some indicators of the functional state of the liver of patients with coronary heart disease with stable angina of III-IV FC, subjected to percutaneous intervention (PCI). And the results show that Hepofresh contributes to better tolerance of treatment, increases its effectiveness and prevent the development of side effects and various liver disorders in patients CAD after PCI.

Background: Blood transfusion is a vital therapeutic approach in modern health care that saves millions of lives, but there is a great challenge to gate sufficient voluntary blood donation in developing country like Ethiopia at the same time pregnancy and child birth related problem, rod traffic accident, malaria-related death is high. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional quantitative study was used from April 27 to May 11, 2018 and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was used and an individual was selected by simple random sampling within each stratum. EPI data version 3.02 for data entry and SPSS version 16 for analysis was used both bi-variant and multi- variant analysis was computed and significance was declared at AOR<0.05. Result: From the total study participants, 162 (48.5%) had adequate knowledge, 230 (68.9%) of the respondent had favorable attitudes towards blood donation whereas only 85 (25.4%) have ever donated blood in their lifetime.

A 55-years-old man presented for upper GI bleeding. Upper endoscopy revealed fundic ulcerations. Biopsy showed gastric MALT lymphoma. Endoscopic ultrasound as well as tomodensitometry confirmed that the lymphoma was localized to the stomach without lymph nodes or other organs involvement (Figure 1). Systematic colonoscopy was performed. Endoscopically, the mucosa was normal (Figure 2). However, systematic biopsy showed diffuse infiltration of the colon by small to medium sized lymphocytes associated to lymphoepithelial lesions. Lymphocytes were CD20 positive on immunostain (Figure 3). Patient was referred to hematology for systemic treatment.

Large wounds with heavy exudate are known to cause moisture related skin damages that can be distressing to the patient especially when he has pain that disturbs his sleep and other activities. Honey, known to be used to treat wound in ancient era, has antimicrobial properties, is anti- inflammatory and is known to promote wound healing. This case report demonstrates the efficacy of Indian medical grade honey in high exuding wound with peri wound skin damage.

morbidity in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. Current therapeutic recommendations for thrombosis prevention in patients with APS are limited to anticoagulation with Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) or heparins and to anti-platelet aggregating agents. Maintaining optimized anticoagulation to prevent recurrent thrombosis or bleeding remains a therapeutic challenge. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) DOACs have been approved to prevent recurrent thrombotic events in different prothrombotic conditions, such as non- valvular atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis still aim the same target and thromboprophylaxis after elective orthopedic surgery.

Numerous medications are now approved to treat and relieve symptoms related to Alzheimer's Disease (A.D.). Most of these drugs regulate the neurotransmitters, thereby modulating the transmission of messages between neurons. However, these drugs are helpful in the reduction of A.D. symptoms associated with particular behavioral problems but are unable to change the underlying pathophysiological process accounting for the disease. In addition, their effectiveness is limited for a small group of people and thus may be helpful for a limited period. Therefore, the scientists are investigating the possible strategies for the symptomatic treatment and finding out the ways to hold back or prevent the disease. Drug development and assessment for newer and better drugs as well as treatment methodologies are caring out by the scientists in ongoing clinical trials. This study has been carried out to accumulate the different treatment strategies, including drug therapies intended for various targets such as loss of specific neurotransmitters & synapses, cerebrovascular function, neurofibrillary tangles & beta-amyloid plaques, as well as other nondrug approaches