European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Portal hypertension is commonly associated with hypersplenism, variceal bleeding, and massive splenomegaly. Splenectomy, with or without esophagogastric devascularization, remains a key surgical intervention. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open splenectomy (OS). This study compares the outcomes of LS versus OS in patients with portal hypertension. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 80 patients with portal hypertension undergoing splenectomy, divided equally into LS (n=40) and OS (n=40) groups. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters, including operative time, blood loss, transfusion requirement, complications, hospital stay, and long-term outcomes (variceal recurrence, portal vein thrombosis, survival), were analyzed. Results: Mean operative time was longer in the LS group (165 ± 30 min vs 140 ± 25 min, p < 0.01), but intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower (250 ± 80 mL vs 400 ± 120 mL, p < 0.001). Blood transfusions were required less frequently in LS (12.5% vs 30%, p = 0.04). Postoperative complications occurred in 15% of LS patients versus 35% in OS (p = 0.03), and hospital stay was shorter in LS (6.5 ± 1.8 vs 9.2 ± 2.4 days, p < 0.001). Long-term outcomes, including variceal recurrence (5% vs 10%, p = 0.40), portal vein thrombosis (2.5% vs 7.5%, p = 0.30), and overall survival (100% vs 97.5%, p = 0.31) were comparable between the groups. Conclusion: LS offers significant perioperative advantages over OS without compromising long-term outcomes in patients with portal hypertension. It should be considered the preferred surgical approach in suitable candidates, provided adequate laparoscopic expertise is available.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently coexists with hypertension, increasing cardiovascular risk and treatment complexity. Understanding real-world prescribing patterns and short-term outcomes supports rational pharmacotherapy and improved follow-up care.  Objectives: To describe prescription patterns of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs among adults with T2DM and coexisting hypertension and to evaluate follow-up changes in glycaemic control, blood pressure, adherence, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).  Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from January to June 2022. A total of 100 eligible adults were enrolled. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, antidiabetic and antihypertensive medications, and fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and blood pressure were recorded. The same parameters were reassessed at follow-up. Adherence and ADRs were documented using a structured proforma and standard causality assessment. Results: The mean age was 56.4 ± 9.8 years and 58% were males. Metformin was prescribed in 82% and 62% received combination antidiabetic therapy. ACE inhibitor/ARB use was 68% and 59% received two or more antihypertensive drugs. Fasting plasma glucose decreased from 156.2 ± 28.5 to 128.4 ± 22.6 mg/dL and HbA1c from 8.2 ± 1.1% to 7.4 ± 0.9%, with 44% achieving HbA1c <7%. Blood pressure decreased to 132.8 ± 10.6/84.3 ± 7.2 mmHg and 52% achieved <140/90. Satisfactory adherence was 74%. Any ADR occurred in 18%, commonly hypoglycaemia (8%) and metformin-related gastrointestinal intolerance (6%).  Conclusion: Metformin-based regimens and ACE inhibitor/ARB-centred antihypertensive therapy were common. Short-term follow-up demonstrated improved glycaemic and blood pressure control, with good adherence and acceptable safety in this cohort

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of diseases caused by candida species has increased in recent years, mainly due to an increase in the number of patients who are immunocompromised. The coexistence of candida species within humans either as commensals or pathogens has been a subject of interest among the physicians. Also, the association of candida with various precancer and cancerous lesions has been reported as a causative agent. Candida and epithelial dysplasia have long been associated with oro-mucosal lesions. The present study was carried out to isolate, identify and verify the association of candida and epithelial dysplasia in PMDs by microbiologic, histological and cytological techniques. Materials and Methods 100 cases of clinicopathologically diagnosed patients with potentially malignant disorders between age range of 19-70yrs were selected from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology.  cytosmears and saliva samples were collected for each participant. All the slides were stained with PAS stain for candidal organism, and the saliva samples were inoculated in SDA medium for candidal growth. All the participants underwent biopsy   to evaluate the degree of dysplasia in potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions. Results: Out of 100 individuals 82 cases showed presence of candidal pseudo hyphae   in cytosmear with the percentage of 82%, 18 cases were negative with the percentage of 18%.  And out of 100 individuals 72 cases showed round colonies in SDA medium with the percentage of 71.6%, 28 cases were negative with the percentage of 28%. Out of 100 individuals 72 cases shows presence of dysplasia with percentage of 71.5% and 28 cases were negative with the percentage of 27.6%. Dysplasia is present in 83.3% cases of culture positive cases and also dysplasia present in 73.17% of PAS positive cases Conclusion: There is a statistically significant association of Candida and its role in malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders. Epithelial Dysplasia was more associated with culture than PAS, which indicates culture was more specific test to identify candida. This was the first of its kind of study to know the association of candida and epithelial dysplasia by using 2 techniques and we found the statistically significant result

Background: Migraine headache are usually characterized by pain on one or both sides of the head1. Migraine headaches are often accompanied by photophobia, phonophobia and vomiting. Pharmacological treatment is traditionally divided into acute or symptomatic treatment, and preventive treatment or prophylaxis. Most studies have evaluated the efficacy of such drugs alone; however, there are some studies with propranolol and tricyclic agents in association with other drugs. The clinical experience with combination therapy for migraine seems to be a rational approach when monotherapy fails and when migraine is refractory. Several drugs are used individually for migraine prophylaxis. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the propranolol and amitriptyline as monotherapy for the prophylaxis of migraine. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, comparative, with a parallel group design and single center study conducted at Department of General Medicine at Surabhi Institute of Medical Sciences.  Patients between 18 and 70 years of age, of either sex (male/female) with a diagnosis of Migraine either with or without aura as per The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria were recruited in the study. Patients had more than two attacks of headache per month, each episode lasting for more than 2 days > 2 episodes/months. Result: In both the groups, maximum number of patients were in the age group of 5-25 years and least number of patients were 46-65 years of age. Mean age in group 1 patients were 29.25±9.75 and in Group 2 patients were 30.05±9.71. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age of patient from Group 1 and Group 2 patients with unpaired t test. the mean severity of Attack of migraine in Group 1 at period 1 was 4.95 with SD of 1.88 and period 2 was 4.15 with SD 1.68. In Group 2 during period 1 was 4.05 with SD of 1.75 and in period 2 mean 4.81 with SD 1.85. These was statistically significant difference in Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.028) with Unpaired t test. Conclusion: Migraine is one of the most common disabling conditions in the world, which undermines quality of life; the mean number of migraine attacks in the Amitriptyline and the Propranolol group decreased as the duration of treatment increased

Introduction: Pancreatitis is one of most complex and clinically challenging of all abdominal disorders. USG and abdominal CT are the most commonly used diagnostic imaging modalities for the evaluation of pancreas. Computed Tomography (CT) is highly accurate and sensitive than USG in both diagnosing as well as demonstrating the extent. Early assessment of the cause and severity of acute pancreatitis is of utmost importance for prompt treatment and close monitoring of patient with severe disease. CT is the imaging method of choice for assessing the extent of acute pancreatitis and for evaluating complications. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology at Dr. VRK Women's Medical College, Teaching Hospital and Research Centre Hyderabad, among 70 cases of acute pancreatitis. All the cases of acute pancreatitis referred under department of radiology in a tertiary healthcare institute, and fulfil the set inclusion criteria, who consented to participate in the study were included in the present study. It was carried out among 46 indoor cases of acute pancreatitis referred under department of radiology for further diagnostic evaluation, in a tertiary healthcare teaching institute in Maharashtra during study period. Ethical Approval was taken from the college ethics committee. Result: In our study, a total 70 patients were studied using CT scan, who was suspected to have acute pancreatitis. Among them, 50 (71.5%) were males and 20 (28.5) were females. Necrosis of the pancreatic gland parenchyma was seen in 17 (24.3%) patients. 12 patients (17.1%) showed <30% necrosis. 8 patients (11.4%) showed 30-50% necrosis, and 10 patients (14.3%) showed more than 50% necrosis. Conclusion: In conclusion CECT was found to be an excellent imaging modality for diagnosis, establishing the extent of disease process and in grading its severity. The Modified CT Severity Index is a simpler scoring tool and more accurate than the Balthazar CT Severity Index. In this study, it had a stronger statistical correlation with the clinical outcome, be it the length of hospital stay, development of infection, occurrence of organ failure and overall mortality. It could also predict the need for interventional procedures

Objective: The purpose was to study the ocular manifestations pattern and complications of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and efficacy of corticosteroid, cyclosporine, alcaftadine. Material and methods: A Prospective study was done taking 227 patients from 15th Oct 2021 to 15th Mar 2022 in Department of Ophthalmology SLN Medical College and Hospital. Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) was diagnosed basing on clinical presentation and scoring of signs and symptoms

Objectives To evaluate clinico demographic profile of hypertensive retinopathy cases in a tertiary care hospital of South Odisha, India. Materials and methods: This was a Cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology, SLN Medical College, Koraput (Odisha) from July 2021 to February 2022. A total of 226 hypertensive patients were examined out of which 100 were found to manifest hypertensive retinopathy changes

Introduction: Hemoglobinopathies are diverse group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin production and function. They represent the most common single-gene disorders that are found in humans and are distributed in various frequencies throughout the world. Pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease can increase the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. HPLC offers the advantages over the routine Hemoglobin electrophoresis as it can more accurately identify and quantitate abnormal hemoglobin. HPLC forms an accurate, rapid and reproducible tool for early detection and management of thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin variants

Background: In India, hydatid cysts of the liver are a serious yet untreated public health issue. Aim: To assess the sociodemographic traits, clinical manifestations, and treatment of individuals with liver hydatid cysts in a developing nation

Background: The thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC, also known as the thyroglossal tract remnant, or TTR) is a well-known developmental anomaly that affects roughly 7% of the population. It often manifests as a movable, painless lump. Objectives: To report our 2 years of clinical experience with thyroglossal cysts in terms of clinical aspects and surgical findings.

Introduction: VLDL stands for very low density lipoprotein. Lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol, triglycerides, and proteins. They move cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids (fats) to around the body. Methods: General information such as name, age, gender etc. was noted. Other parameters such as clinical examination, height, weight, biochemical analysis, pulse wave velocity and intima media thickness was done. Results: out of 130 patients, males were 60 and females were 70. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). Table I shows s. cholesterol 250 in males (16) and females (12). Males have higher Av C-F PWV and Av CIMT as compared to females. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Increased level of LDL, VLDL and decrease level of HDL indicates increase in arterial stiffness and carotid intima media thickness. HDL levels are inversely associated with baPWV after adjustment for cardiovascular risks, and TG levels are positively related to baPWV independent of cardiovascular risksand liver function

Introduction: We done the Comparative Assessment of Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity among Non-Diabetic, Diabetic Non-Smoker and Sub Groups of Diabetic Smoker the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral europathy is mainly based on its characteristic symptoms, but mostly these symptoms develop at any stage of neuropathic impairment or they may not develop at all. Materials and Methods: Smoking index is used to find the exposure of smoking on body quantitatively and is calculated by multiplying the average number of cigarettes smoked per day in last seven days with the duration of smoking in years

Introduction: The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of both TA and EACA in reducing post surgical bleeding in on-pump CABG surgeries with regards to the amount of blood loss at 4 hrs and 24 hrs as the primary outcome. Materials and Methods: After the completion of surgery patients were shifted to ICU and were assessed for blood loss at 4 hrs and 24 hrs after shifting

Aims and Objectives: The jugular foramen is known to have a wide variation among different ethnicities for its anatomical variations and is also a well known area for pathological lesions such as glomus tumours, Schwannomas etc. The treatment of such lesions often involves drilling the bony area around the jugular foramen. The present study is the morphometric evaluation of the dimensions of jugular foramen in regard to the variability in shape and size of jugular foramen and the relationship between antero-posterior diameter (APD) and mediolateral diameter (ML) of jugular foramen on each side (right & left).

Background & Aim: Smoking represents a very significant epigenetic risk factor for not only the development of periodontitis, but also influences its severity and reduces treatment response. An anti- oxidant, resveratrol (trihydroxystilbene) blocks neutrophil recruitment and oxidative bursts, lessen oral inflammatory load, thereby reducing clinical manifestations of periodontitis

Introduction- Primary lung epithelial malignancies are the most common neoplasms among all lung masses. Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death for which a histological or cytological confirmation and categorization of malignancy is required before treatment. It is desirable to have both FNAC or TBNA and biopsy for exact diagnosis. Sometimes, even immunohistochemistry is required to confirm the diagnosis.

The study sampled five bottled water consumed in Kano which include Sona, Santana, Aquafina, Eva and Swan bottled water (popularly consumed in eateries, suya spots, garage among others in kano). Analysis was done using standard method and results obtained for the physicochemical and microbial assay was below the guidelines limit of WHO, indicating the suitability of the bottled water analyzed for the aforementioned parameters. Hence, the populist believed bottled water is safe for consumption; thorough monitoring survey is needed to enhance the quality and safety sustenance.

Background: A home-based intervention is a promising approach for early intervention about HAV that aims at improving mothers-child outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of home based intervention on improving mothers' perception about Hepatitis A virus. Methods: Design: A quasi- experimental (pre-post) design was utilized. Subjects: A multi stage random sample of 360 mothers through home visits in Shranees village, Quesna district at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Instruments: 1) Hepatitis A virus Interview Questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data and mother's perception of hepatitis A virus which included mothers' knowledge about hepatitis A virus and mothers' practices about HAV and 2) Observational checklist to assess home environment and to assess home feeding environment