Background: Meditation and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly recognized for their potential effects on physiological and psychological health, particularly in regulating cardiovascular parameters and stress responses. However, variations in study designs and outcomes necessitate a comprehensive synthesis to evaluate the overall impact of these interventions. Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases and registers were searched to identify studies evaluating meditation or mindfulness-based interventions on cardiovascular and emotional outcomes. Records were screened for eligibility, with duplicates removed. Data were extracted regarding study design, intervention type, sample size, outcome measures, and results. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using standardized tools. Results: A total of 460 records were identified, with 410 screened after duplicates removal. Of these, 135 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 23 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and analyses. Findings indicate that slow-paced breathing, meditation, and MBIs are associated with significant reductions in heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived stress levels. Heterogeneity across studies was noted due to differences in intervention duration, participant characteristics, and outcome measures. Overall, evidence quality ranged from moderate to high, with most studies demonstrating consistent physiological and psychological benefits. Conclusion: Meditation and mindfulness-based interventions demonstrate beneficial effects on cardiovascular and emotional health. Despite some heterogeneity, current evidence supports their integration into stress management and cardiovascular wellness programs. Future research should focus on standardized protocols and long-term follow-up to strengthen evidence.
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