Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of metabolic disorders closely linked to the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood glucose makes MetS a significant predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS components in patients diagnosed with CAD and explore their correlation. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over six months at KLE Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, involving 50 CAD patients. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, which requires at least three of the following components: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Data was collected through clinical history, demographic information, biochemical analysis, and coronary angiography. Results: The study found that 60% of the patients were male, with a significant proportion being between 40-59 years old (50%). The most common components of MetS were abdominal obesity (80%), high blood pressure (70%), and high triglycerides (60%). Among patients with MetS, 83.33% had CAD, compared to only 25% in those without MetS. Other common risk factors for CAD included hypertension (50%), sedentary lifestyle (44%), and diabetes (40%). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with coronary artery disease in the study group. The high prevalence of MetS components, particularly abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, highlights their critical role in the development of CAD. The study underscores the importance of early detection and intervention in patients with MetS to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.
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