European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Research Article Open Access

Exploring Novel Biomarkers in Lipid Metabolism for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment

Divya C

Pages 37 - 41

Abstract

Objective: To identify and analyse novel lipid biomarkers associated with lipid metabolism that are linked to cardiovascular disease risk. Methodology: This cross-sectional longitudinal observational study evaluated novel lipid biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A cohort of 200 participants aged 35 to 70 years, including individuals with confirmed CVD or those possessing two or more CVD risk factors, was assessed. Participants were recruited from general population screenings and cardiology outpatient clinics. Blood samples were collected following a 12-hour fast to measure traditional lipid markers (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) and emerging lipid biomarkers (ceramides, sphingolipids, oxidized LDL). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for analysis. Statistical analysis, including multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, was performed to evaluate the predictive value of these biomarkers. Results: The study revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, ceramides, sphingolipids, and oxidized LDL in the high-risk CVD group compared to the low-risk group (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that ceramides and oxidized LDL had the highest odds ratios, indicating strong associations with CVD risk. ROC curve analysis showed ceramides and oxidized LDL to have greater predictive accuracy than traditional lipid markers, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirmed that novel lipid biomarkers, particularly ceramides and oxidized LDL, have superior predictive value for cardiovascular disease risk compared to traditional lipid indicators. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating these biomarkers into routine CVD risk assessment, allowing for earlier detection and improved preventative strategies.

Research Article Open Access

Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ondansetron and Ramosetron in Patients Undergoing Hysterectomy

Aparna Padala

Pages 31 - 36

Abstract

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting have been associated for many years with the use of general anaesthetics for surgical procedures. With the change in the emphasis from an inpatient to outpatient, hospital and office-based medical/surgical enhancement, there has been increased interest in the ‘big little problem of PONV(Postoperative nausea and vomiting).The newest class of antiemetics used for prevention and treatment of PONV (Postoperative nausea and vomiting) are serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists–Ondansetron, Granisetron, Tropisetron, Dolasetron and Ramosetron. In the present study, intravenous ondansetron and Ramosetron were compared in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting undergoing hysterectomy. Material and Methods: This clinical study consisting of 100 adult patients slated to undergo elective surgeries was undertaken at Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences. In this randomized, single blind clinical trial, we studied 100 patients between the ages of 23 and 65 years undergoing hysterectomy under general or spinal anaesthesia. Approval was taken from the ethical committee and written informed consent was taken from all the patients. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group I: Patients included in this group will receive Inj. Ondansetron 4 mg just before surgery and after 12 hr. Group II: Patients included in this group will receive Inj. Ramosetron 0.3mg just before surgery only. RESULTS : In our study, in initial 6 hours total 17 patients had nausea out of which 9 belonged to group I and 8 belonged to group II. When these groups were compared the difference was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In next 6 to 24 hours 5 patients in group I and 4 in group II had nausea (p>0.05). However when the incidence of nausea was compared after 24 hours in group I (5 patients) and group II (1 patient) the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Total number of patients in group I reporting nausea was 19 while it was 13 in group II, when compared it was found that group II has significantly lesser (p<0.05) occurrence of nausea. CONCLUSION: We have found that antiemetic therapy with Ramosetron at a dose of 0.3 mg is safer, well-tolerated, proved more effective and cheaper than Ondansetron 4 mg in the prevention of PONV.

Research Article Open Access

Mesenchymal stromal cells for cardiovascular disease

Pages 21 - 30

Abstract

The fields of regenerative medicine and cellular therapy have been the subject of tremendous hype and hope. In particular, the perceived usage of somatic cells like mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has captured the imagination of many. MSCs are a rare population of cells found in multiple regions within the body that can be readily expanded ex vivo and utilized clinically. Originally, it was hypothesized that transplantation of MSCs to sites of injury would lead to de novo tissue-specific differentiation and thereby replace damaged tissue. Now, it is generally agreed that MSC home to sites of injury and direct positive remodeling via the secretion of paracrine factors. Consequently, their clinical utilization has largely revolved around their abilities to promote neovascularization for ischemic disorders and modulate overly exuberant inflammatory responses for autoimmune and alloimmune conditions. One of the major issues surrounding the development of somatic cell therapies like MSCs is that despite evoking a positive response, long-term engraftment and persistence of these cells is rare. Consequently, very large cell doses need be administered for raising production, delivery, and efficacy issues. In this review, we will outline the field of MSC in the context of ischemia and discuss causes for their lack of persistence. In addition, some of the methodologies be used to enhance their therapeutic potential will be highlighted.

Research Article Open Access

Mesenchymal stromal cells for cardiovascular disease

Pages 11 - 20

Abstract

The fields of regenerative medicine and cellular therapy have been the subject of tremendous hype and hope. In particular, the perceived usage of somatic cells like mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has captured the imagination of many. MSCs are a rare population of cells found in multiple regions within the body that can be readily expanded ex vivo and utilized clinically. Originally, it was hypothesized that transplantation of MSCs to sites of injury would lead to de novo tissue-specific differentiation and thereby replace damaged tissue. Now, it is generally agreed that MSC home to sites of injury and direct positive remodeling via the secretion of paracrine factors. Consequently, their clinical utilization has largely revolved around their abilities to promote neovascularization for ischemic disorders and modulate overly exuberant inflammatory responses for autoimmune and alloimmune conditions. One of the major issues surrounding the development of somatic cell therapies like MSCs is that despite evoking a positive response, long-term engraftment and persistence of these cells is rare. Consequently, very large cell doses need be administered for raising production, delivery, and efficacy issues. In this review, we will outline the field of MSC in the context of ischemia and discuss causes for their lack of persistence. In addition, some of the methodologies be used to enhance their therapeutic potential will be highlighted.

Research Article Open Access

NATURE: A Life Sustaining Factor

Pages 1 - 10

Abstract

European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

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