European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders affecting women during the postpartum period and may continue for months or even years after childbirth. It significantly interferes with physical activity, childcare responsibilities, occupational performance, sleep quality, and overall quality of life. The etiology of postpartum chronic low back pain is multifactorial and includes pregnancy-related hormonal influences causing ligamentous laxity, progressive weight gain, altered posture with increased lumbar lordosis, stretching and weakening of abdominal and pelvic floor muscles, and repetitive mechanical strain during pregnancy and child-rearing activities. Multiparous women may be particularly vulnerable because repeated pregnancies can result in cumulative stress on the spine, pelvis, and supporting musculature. Cesarean delivery may represent an additional contributing factor to persistent low back pain. Surgical incision through the abdominal wall, fascial disruption, scar tissue formation, postoperative pain, reduced early mobility, core muscle weakness, and adhesions may alter biomechanics of the trunk and pelvis, thereby increasing the likelihood of chronic lumbar discomfort. Repeated cesarean sections may further intensify these effects due to recurrent tissue trauma and prolonged recovery periods. Although postpartum back pain has been widely reported, limited studies have specifically examined the long-term association between previous cesarean delivery and chronic low back pain among multiparous women, particularly in hospital-based populations from developing countries. Understanding this relationship is clinically important for patient counseling, delivery planning, postpartum rehabilitation, and prevention of long-term disability. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the association between cesarean delivery history and chronic low back pain in multiparous women attending a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome is an age-related systemic microfibrillopathy characterized by progressive deposition of greyish white fibrillar material over anterior segment structures and various body tissues. The presence of PXF material poses significant risks during manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS), affecting intraoperative complications, postoperative outcomes, and visual recovery.  Objective: A Clinical Study of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted on 60 cataract patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rama Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Hapur. Detailed preoperative evaluation included assessment of pupillary dilatation, nuclear sclerosis grading, and presence of phacodonesis. Patients underwent manual SICS with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and were followed up at 1st day, 2nd week, 4th week, and 6th week postoperatively.  Results: The most common intraoperative complication was iris prolapse (33.3%) followed by corneal endothelial touch (25%). Poor pupillary dilatation (<6mm), higher grades of nuclear sclerosis, and presence of phacodonesis were significantly associated with increased complications (P<0.05). The most common postoperative complication was iris pigment dispersion over IOL (66.7%) followed by corneal edema (60%). At 6th week follow-up, 50% of cases achieved good visual acuity (6/6-6/12), with majority belonging to lower nuclear sclerosis grades (NS1,2,3). Conclusion: Inadequate mydriasis and zonular weakness are major risk factors in PXF syndrome. Preoperative assessment of risk factors, awareness of potential complications, and appropriate surgical modifications are essential for optimal outcomes in cataract surgery for PXF patients.

Background: Obesity is a major global health problem associated with numerous medical complications, including an increased susceptibility to infections. Among these, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are particularly common and clinically significant. Obesity not only increases the risk of developing skin infections but also negatively influences their severity, response to treatment, and clinical outcomes. These effects result from complex interactions between immune dysfunction, altered skin structure, impaired circulation, and obesity-related comorbidities. Obesity affects the immune response leading to an increased susceptibility to infections. Obese adults and children show an increased incidence of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of obesity on infections with focus on skin infections. Materials & Methods: In the present study, a total of 380 participants with BMI ≥25kg/m2were included. Height and weight were self-reported in the questionnaire and BMI was. Infections were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. p value ≤0.01 considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, 41.05% participants were males and 58.94% were females. Mean age was 49.8 years. The most common site for infections was the upper respiratory tract among females (23.21%) and the lower respiratory tract among males (21.79%). Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue Infections occur in 12.8% males and 10.71% females. Conclusion: The present study concluded that obesity was associated with increased risk of infections in both genders. Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue Infections occur in 12.8% males and 10.71% females

Background: Prevalence of skin diseases amongst children of a community is an indicator of health and personal hygiene of a society. School children are more prone for skin infections and majority of them are preventable. Present study aimed to find the common dermatoses in school children of rural area.  Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 400 children from three randomly selected schools. Socio-demographic data was collected using a pretested semi structured questionnaire and skin conditions were identified by examination.  Results: Out of the total 400 children, 224 (56%) were boys and 176 (44%) were girls. The overall prevalence of skin conditions was 222 (55.5%). Majority (27.5%) had fungal infection, 15% had bacterial infection, 10% had parasitic infection and 3 % had viral infection.  Conclusions: Prevalence of skin infections is high in present study, hence creating awareness about personal hygiene among parents, children and teachers is the need of the hour

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment for gall bladder disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who underwent LC. Four LC groups were defined: elective LC-Group I; interval LC-Group II; LC during acute cholecystitis-Group III; and LC following percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCC)-Group IV. Results: The study comprised 1658 patients [mean age: 51.0 years (range 17-94)]: Group I: 1221 patients (73.6%); Group II: 271 patients (16.3%); Group III: 125 patients (7.6%); Group IV: 41 patients (2.5%). The operative time was significantly different between the groups (p <0.05). The conversion rate was highest in Group III (24.8%) and was significantly higher than all the other groups. Group II had a higher conversion rate than Group I (p<0.05). The length of hospital stay was not significantly different between Groups I and I I(1.5 and 1.96 days, respectively), and between Groups III and IV (4.46 and 4.78 days, respectively). The differences between Groups I and II, and between Groups III and IV were significant. Complication rates were significantly different between Groups I (2.2%), II (5.6%), and III (13.6%) (p <0.05.) There were no differences between Groups III and IV and there were no significant differences in 30-day read mission rates between the groups. Conclusions: The highest conversion and complication rates were encountered in patients undergoing LC during acute cholecystitis. A gradual increase of conversion and complication rates was noted between the groups of elective LC, interval LC and LC post PCC

Objective: To investigate the neuromuscular compartments and identify the center of the highest region of muscle spindles abundance in deep cervical muscles. Methodology: Utilization of Sihler's staining technique for detailed visualization and mapping of muscle spindles in the cervical musculature of 33 patients. we collected deep cervical muscle samples from 33 patients and utilized Sihler's staining technique to render the muscles transparent, highlighting neural elements for detailed examination. The stained specimens were analyzed to identify and map the distribution of muscle spindles within the deep cervical musculature. We found distinct neuromuscular compartments within the muscles, particularly in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TPZ).  Results: Data were collected from 33 patients. Middle third of the SCM muscle exhibits the highest density of motor endplates, averaging 12 ± 3 per square centimeter, suggesting its role in fine motor control. The upper third of the SCM has a moderate density with 6 ± 2 motor endplates/cm², while the lower third shows the lowest density at 4 ± 1 motor endplates/cm². In the TPZ muscle, the middle region also has the highest motor endplate density at 10 ± 2 per square centimeter, followed by the upper region with 8 ± 2, and the lower region with 5 ± 1 motor endplates/cm², indicating a similar pattern of neuromuscular organization. Conclusion: It is concluded that the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TPZ) muscles exhibit distinct neuromuscular compartmentalization and muscle spindle distribution, with the middle third of the SCM showing the highest density of spindles, crucial for fine motor control and proprioception.