European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:   Hypertension is grouped into two main categories. These include primary and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is also known as essential hypertension and it affects ninety-five percent of persons suffering from the disease. Causes of hypertension are not yet known, however, factors as age, high salt intake, low potassium diet, sedentary lifestyle, stress as well as genes have been found as contributing to hypertension. Aerobic exercises, such as running, swimming, and dance, involve prolonged activity of large muscle groups. In many studies aerobic exercise is defined by physical exercise implying a regular, structured, leisure-time pursuit. Material and Method: It is a prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study. This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 years. Experimental study design was carried out with a sample of 180 participants. Participants were randomly allocated using sealed envelope method to receive either aerobic training. Informed consent was taken from all the participants included in the study. Results: In aerobic group Mean Systolic Blood Pressure in pre-test 135.65 ± 6.35 mm of Hg and post-test 133.65 ± 6.12. In aerobic group Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure in pre-test 91.63 ± 5.83 mm of Hg and post-test 87.73 ± 5.33.  Conclusion: The pre test and post test scored are noted and analysis was done using independent‘t’ test which favored the alternate hypothesis. The intra group analysis was done results were analysis using paired‘t’ test, which favored the alternate hypothesis. The study concludes that aerobic and resistance exercises is achieving normal blood pressure level in patients with stage I hyper tension. Thus, this study accepts the alternate hypothesis. 

Background: The identification of human remains is a cornerstone of forensic science, especially in situations where traditional identification methods are impractical. The morphological differences in the frontal and maxillary sinuses offer a novel approach for gender determination, providing a unique intersection between forensic science and the clinical expertise of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) surgeons. This study investigates the potential of using frontal and maxillary sinus dimensions as reliable markers for gender differentiation. Materials and Methods: This observational study analyzed 200 anonymized patient records, equally distributed between males and females, aged 18-60 years, who underwent sinus CT scans for reasons unrelated to the study. Measurements of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, including height, width, and volume, were conducted using ImageJ software. The study employed independent t-tests to assess gender differences in sinus dimensions and calculated inter-observer reliability using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Results: Our findings indicate significant differences in the dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses between genders, with males displaying larger dimensions. High ICC values (0.89 to 0.94) demonstrated excellent measurement reliability. Additionally, there was minimal correlation between sinus dimensions and age, suggesting the utility of these measurements across a broad age range for gender determination. Conclusion: The assessment of frontal and maxillary sinus dimensions presents a viable, non-invasive method for gender determination in forensic contexts. The study highlights the value of integrating ENT surgeons' expertise and advanced imaging techniques in forensic science, potentially revolutionizing identification processes in scenarios where traditional methods are unavailable.