Research Article
Open Access
Spectrum of aeroallergen sensitization in children with wheeze-at a Tertiary Care centre
Pages 43 - 47
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Abstract
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Background: Aeroallergens may trigger symptoms in sensitized children with asthma. Documentation of sensitization is crucial to enable effective implementation of measures to prevent asthma exacerbations. Aeroallergen sensitization is a risk factor in the development of childhood asthma, and most commonly implicated allergens are house dust mite (HDM), cockroach, and furred animals. Aeroallergen sensitization can be evaluated using either skin testing or measuring specific IgE to these aeroallergens. Skin prick testing (SPT) is an easy, cost-effective and convenient approach to identify sensitization to allergens. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study and observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year. The skin-prick test (SPT) results from very young children with the diagnosis of asthma (2 years) who were referred for testing for aeroallergen sensitization were analyzed within the last 4 years. All children had a history of at least three wheezing attacks with good response to bronchodilators and had been diagnosed with asthma by their referring physicians. Result: The total number of the patients included in the study was 90 patients, of the 59 (65.6%) male and 31 (34.4%) female. The frequency of each group. Out of 90 children in the study, 60 children were found sensitive to at least one aeroallergen and 30 were no sensitivity for all aeroallergens. The highest prevalence of positive skin reaction was recorded for mite allergens among them Dermatophytosis pteronyssinus (50%), D. farinae (33.3%). Conclusion: The majority of children with asthma have positive skin prick tests for 1 or more of aeroallergens. House dust mite was the most common positivity aeroallergens. However, there was no statistically significant association of positive skin prick test with asthma control.
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Research Article
Open Access
A Clinical and Epidemiological Study on Adolescent Dermatoses in a Tertiary Care Center
Dr Y Surya narayana & Dr. M. Swarna Kumar
Pages 36 - 42
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Abstract
Abstract: Introduction: The term Adolescence was derived from the Latin term adolescere, which means “to grow up’’. It is the transition phase from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence is a time of immense biological, psychological and social changes. The effects of these changes on skin are profound. Various dermatoses can affect their current and future adult health. An essential aspect of this particular age is the emerging sexuality and intimacy, which may be influenced dramatically by body image, self-esteem as well as peers. Dermatoses represent a significant public health burden, particularly in developing countries. Only a few studies were documented regarding the effect of skin diseases on health-related quality of life that too, in adults. Lack of research on adolescent population has raised interest in carrying out the present study. Material and Methods: This is a prospective and Hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and leprosy in Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore from January 2017 to December 2017. All consenting patients aged between 10 and 19 years with clinical evidence of skin disease were included. A detailed history of patient’s disease was taken and after getting an informed consent, a meticulous general and mucocutaneous examination was done. Any predisposing factors like drug intake, topical application of cosmetics and medicines, etc. were noted. Investigations like KOH mount, Tzanck smear, gram’ stain, Wood’s lamp examination, biopsy was done as and when needed. Results: In this study, there were a total no. of 500 patients in the adolescent age group i.e., 10-19 years out of which 255 (51%) were males and 245 (49%) were females. The incidence of various dermatoses in males in decreasing order of incidence is infections (11.4%), acne (9.2%), infestations eczematous lesions – pigmentoses each (4.2%) followed by hair disorders (3.6%), Papulosquamous (2.8%). The incidence of various dermatoses in females in decreasing order of incidence is infections (11.6%), acne (10.2%), infestations (5%), eczematous lesions (4.8%), pigmentoses (3%) followed by hair disorders (3%), Papulosquamous (1.4%) Among the infections, Fungal infections were most common (11.4%), followed by Infestations (9.2%), viral (6. %), and bacterial (3.8%). Conclusion: In our study, infections were the most common dermatoses, as seen in the previous studies done on adolescents. Acne vulgaris was the most common individual dermatoses owing to the hormonal changes with an impact on adolescent's quality of life. Lichen planus was common among all the papulosquamous disorders. Urticaria, alopecia areata, keloids, and insect bite reactions were the other commonly occurring dermatoses.
Research Article
Open Access
Role of Estimation of Serum Ferritin, Vitamin B12 And Folic Acid in Management of Beta Thalassemic Children
Pages 36 - 40
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Abstract
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Background: Beta thalassemia is the most common genetically transmitted haematological disorder in Indian children. In thalassemia, there is ineffective erythropoiesis which can be either due to excess iron accumulation, or low vitamin B12 and folate status. Beta thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. The cause is partial or complete lack of ability to synthesise beta chains of the haemoglobin. This process of beta globin chain synthesis is controlled by a gene located on chromosome. There can be more than 200 mutations of this gene, leading to varying degrees of inability to synthesise beta chains of haemoglobin. In thalassemia major, there is complete lack of ability to synthesise beta chains of haemoglobin. Materials and methods: The study of investigations was done in the Department of Pathology of Department of Pathology, Chalmeda AnandRao Institute of Medical Sciences. Ninty children of Thalassemia included in study group while fifty normal children in control group. Estimation of levels of folic acid, vitaminB12 and serum ferritin. Ninety children of Thalassemia included in study group while ninety normal children in control group. Estimation of levels of folic acid, vitaminB12 and serum ferritin were made in autoanalyzer. Result: Study group showed a decrease in serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels with mean value of 5.75 ±1.18 ng/mL and 165.8 ± 33.37 pg/mL respectively as compared to control group was 13.05±5.88 ng/mL and 441.34±129.65 pg/mL (p<0.001) whereas increased concentration of ferritin with mean value of 2154.9± 333.7 ng/mL in study group as compared to control group was 200.7 ± 68.9and was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The exploration into pediatric thalassemia major unveils a landscape where folic acid and zinc deficiencies play a significant role. The detected prominence of these deficiencies prompts a call for focused interventions to address the potential health implications. Amid the intricate fabric of thalassemia major, the spotlight on folic acid and zinc deficiencies highlights an avenue for proactive healthcare strategies.
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Research Article
Open Access
Representation as a separate category in B. bloom's taxonomy
Pages 19 - 25
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Abstract
Annotation: In the article, based on a long study of ways to optimize the process of cognition, the place of the new category "representation" in B. Bloom's taxonomy is considered. The newly introduced category “representation” is located after the category “Knowledge” and before the category “Understanding”. Experimentally, out of 50 concepts, meaning verbs of action, revealing the essence of the process of an active presentation, on which the understanding of the information received depends, 10 are singled out, which most fully reveal the main patterns of creating a bright, clear, long-lasting presentation. The use of the “Representation” category in organizing the cognitive process improves understanding, develops logic, scientific and practical thinking, and more effectively forms the formation of professional skills and abilities of specialists.
Research Article
Open Access
Evaluation of hSCRP and microalbumin levels in smokers
Pages 11 - 18
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Abstract
Background: Smoking is associated increase in morbidity and mortality from various diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic smoking adversely affects vascular and hormonal systems. Smoking plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis, thrombogenesis and vascular occlusion, which further adversely affects the prognosis of nephropathies. Aim and. Objectives: to estimate and compare the levels of hSCRP and microalbumin levels in smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: Under aseptic precautions random venous blood sample of 2 mL was drawn from ante-cubital vein and collected in red top tube and serum was separated and analysed for high sensitivity C reactive protein (hSCRP). Early morning mid-stream urine was used for urine microalbumin estimation and the same sample was used for urine microscopy to exclude patients with urinary tract infection. Statistical Analysis: All statistical tests was performed using SPSS software. For comparisons of different variables student’s t-test and Chi-square test were be used. Pearson coefficient of correlation was used for assessment of relationship between variables. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results and Discussion: In our study we observed that mean levels of urine microalbumin, hsCRP were increased in non-diabetic, normotensive smokers, this increase was directly related to the amount and duration of smoking in smokers.
Conclusion: Non-Diabetic, normotensive smokers have significantly higher levels of hsCRP and urine spot microalbumin levels in our smoker population. This increase is proportional to the duration of smoking in pack-years. This study has a large impact on the early detection of renal damage in subjects with smoking which could be prevented with early intervention. Early intervention can prevent further progression of the renal disease. There was limited data regarding effect of smoking on microalbuminuria and hsCRP levels in non-diabetic and normotensive subjects, hence study will add to the new information to the existing limited data.
Research Article
Open Access
Histopathological changes resulting from the effect of nano-graphene oxide on the liver in laboratory rats
Pages 1 - 10
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Abstract
The current study included the use of (48) white male laboratory rats, where the rats were divided into six groups, with 8 rats in each group. The second group with a concentration of 30 mg/kg, the third group with a concentration of 40 mg/kg, the fourth group with a concentration of 50 mg/kg, and the fifth group with a concentration of 60 mg/kg of nano graphene oxide. The sixth group is the control group. The results of the statistical analysis of the study showed a significant decrease in the average body weight. On the last day of the experiment when comparing between the control group and the treated groups, and the results showed a significant decrease in the average liver weight when comparing between the control group and the treated groups. Central vein, hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, hepatocyte nucleus replication, hepatocyte rupture, and nucleolysis As well as thickening of the nuclei in some hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage, and dissolution and necrosis of hepatocytes. The results of the over-study by transmission electron microscope also showed changes at the cellular level, represented by the rupture of the nucleus and cytoplasm, in addition to the dissolution of the nucleus.
