European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Varicose veins are the most common symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, resulting from reverse blood flow through damaged valves, perforating veins, or post-thrombotic sequelae. Duplex colour Doppler imaging is the primary diagnostic tool for lower limb venous diseases, preferred by clinicians due to its non-invasive nature and high acceptability, making it an ideal choice for routine pre-operative evaluation. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 100 subjects with symptomatic and asymptomatic visible varicose veins referred from other clinical departments to the department of Radiodiagnosis were imaged using Duplex color Doppler ultrasonography at a tertiary care hospital from April 2019 to October 2019 and were subjected to perform clinical manoeuvres for complete assessment of causes of chronic venous insufficiency. Patency of the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) and sapheno-popliteal junction (SPJ) along with duration of venous reflux at SFJ was assessed. Level of incompetent perforating veins and varicosities of the superficial venous system was evaluated using GE Voluson S10 Expert and GE Voluson P8 ultrasound machines. Results: Amongst the 100 patients studied, the observed mean age was 46.87±6.4 years with male preponderance (79%). The bilateral limb involvement with varicosities was 40% followed by 31% in left limb and 29% in right limb. Both great saphenous vein (GSV) and small saphenous vein (SSV) territories were affected in 50% of patients who had bilateral varicosities and predominantly SSV territory was affected in those having unilateral varicosity. Grade I & II incompetency at SFJ was most frequently observed in both bilateral and unilateral varicosities of lower limbs. Many patients had incompetent perforators at multiple sites with anterior thigh perforators were more common amongst the unilateral and posterior mid-calf perforator were incompetent in bilateral varicosity of lower limbs. SFJ reflux duration was more than 1001 msec in majority of the patients (74.7 % - 62 of 83 patients). Conclusion: Duplex ultrasound is a cost-effective and non-invasive modality for assessing venous insufficiency of lower limb. It helps in determining the type and level of vessel incompetence, venous reflux. The employment of various manoeuvres during the scan helps in determining the site and severity of vessel incompetence. Hence preoperative venous mapping of incompetent sites to target the sites of venous incompetence is essential to achieve increased post-operative success rate. 

Background: Urinary tract obstruction is the most common cause of flank pain. Computed tomography is the investigation of choice for many urologic problems including urolithiasis, trauma, pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and renal masses. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, as delayed treatment can result in renal complications, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for timely intervention and effective management. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) abdomen in patients presenting with symptoms of urinary tract obstruction and to determine the level and its cause. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 80 subjects referred from various clinical departments to the department of Radiodiagnosis done at tertiary care hospital from April 2019 to October 2019. A NCCT abdomen scan was performed with Wipro GE Revolution ACTS (16-slice). Images were reconstructed at a slice thickness of 1.25 mm. After the identification of kidneys and urinary tract structures, urinary tract obstruction was assessed as either unilateral or bilateral. The site and cause of obstruction was identified using multiplanar reconstruction images. Any associated findings related and unrelated to urinary tract were also documented. Results: Amongst the 80 cases, 88.7% had causes for obstruction, with urolithiasis being the commonest cause, followed by PUJ obstruction, prostatomegaly, ureteral stricture, urinary bladder neoplasm, external compression and vesico-ureteric reflux. The ureter was the commonest site of obstruction accounting for 87.2% cases, followed by kidney (18%) cases and 1 case of bladder calculus (1.8%). Interpretation and conclusion: NCCT abdomen is the preferred diagnostic tool for urinary tract obstruction due to its availability, ease and high sensitivity. CT has become the standard of reference in detection of urolithiasis due to its high sensitivity, high specificity and ability to delineate alternative cause of flank pain. Contrast study is required to evaluate non-calculus causes, providing further diagnostic precision in selected cases.

Background: In elective caesarean sections, spinal anaesthesia is the most commonly utilized anaesthesia technique, except for cases involving laboring mothers and significant fetal distress requiring general anaesthesia [1]. Objectives: 1. To evaluate and compare hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory parameters including rate (RR) and SPO2 with epidural magnesium sulfate vs dexmedetomidine vs normal saline during the postoperative period. Material & Methods: Study Design:    It is a randomized, double blinded, prospective, placebo controlled comparative study. Study area: The Pre-operative room, Gynecological operation theatre, Post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) of Dr PSIMS & RF.  Study Period: January 2019 to September 2019. Study population: Patients with ASA physical status 1 or 2, undergoing elective caesarean section at term pregnancy under spinal anaesthesia at Kona Seema institute of medical sciences, Malappuram.  Results: All the patients were observed up to 6 hours postoperatively and it was found that there were 38, 16, 87 episodes of hypotension in group A, B and C respectively. The rate of occurrence of hypotension was estimated to be 1.19, 0.50,2.71 per patient in gr. A, B and C respectively. It clearly shows the superiority of group B over group A & group C.  Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate that administering intramuscular phenylephrine at a dosage of 4mg helps to decrease both the occurrence and intensity of hypotension following spinal anaesthesia in caesarean sections when compared to 2 mg of phenylephrine or placebo.

Background: Dengue fever is typically a self-limited disease with a mortality rate of less than 1% when identify early and with access to proper medical care. The rising incidence of dengue fever in India can be contributed by the rapid urbanization with unplanned construction activities and poor sanitation facilities contributing fertile breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The present study is an attempt to describe the salient clinical as well as laboratory findings of serologically confirmed hospitalized cases of dengue fever and correlate bleeding severity with platelet count and platelet volume at the time of bleeding. Materials & Methods: A Descriptive type of study on 100 patients who are going to get admitted as in patients in Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad with symptoms suggestive of Dengue fever such as fever, severe headache, joints pain and bleeding manifestations, shock are investigated with Dengue ELISA test. Those patients found positive for the test are included in study and informed consent is taken from all patients. Results: Our study suggested that the majority of cases were seen in 26-35 years of age group which accounted for 45 patients. Overall male to female ratio was 2.84:1. The mean age was 40 years in males and compared to females was 39 years but statistically non-significant (p=0.7124). The mean platelet count was statistically significant (P < 0.0001***) in comparison between at time of admission (71300±36858) and at the time of discharge (162070±37000). Our study showed that the raised blood urea level, serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, MPV, SGOT & SGPT was associated with higher mortality due to dengue fever. Conclusion: Present study has disclosed a varied clinical profile of dengue fever which is of important diagnostic tool. In the recent few years, the world has seen varied clinical presentation of the dengue fever in different epidemics, even in the same regions and even with the period of time.

Background: Study of prescriptions reveals the drug utilization pattern in a given hospital at a given time. This study was conducted to observe and analyse the prescribing pattern of drugs for the in-patients in the general medicine department of a teaching hospital.  Methods: In a prospective observational study, a total of 234 prescriptions of in-patients of general medicine department of a teaching hospital were analysed. The drugs prescribed their route of administration, diagnosis and demographic data were recorded.  Results: Pantoprazole and ondansetron were found in most of the prescriptions. Antimicrobials were the commonest class of drugs prescribed. Cephalosporins, metronidazole, doxycycline, ofloxacin and amoxicillin+clavulanate accounted for most of the antimicrobials. A drug prescribed from the national list of essential medicines (NLEM) was 75.97%. Only 3% of the drugs were prescribed by generic names.  Conclusions: Prescription of pantoprazole and ondansetron was very frequent in this study. Antimicrobials were found in most of the prescriptions. All the prescriptions in this study had injectable drugs. Three-fourths of the drugs were from the national list of essential medicines (NLEM). Generic drugs need to be prescribed more.

Background: Nearly one million deaths reported globally are due to HBV (hepatitis B infection). Approximately more than 257 people have chronic hepatitis B infection across the globe which ultimately leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. Also, HBV infection is a major healthcare concern in developing nations such as India. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B in voluntary blood donors at Indian healthcare centers.  Methods: The present study assessed 10,000 blood donors who fit the inclusion criteria for the study and were accepted for blood donation within the defined study period. The blood samples collected from all the participants were evaluated for Hepatitis B surface antigen and other TTIs (transfusion-transmitted infections). Data gathered were analyzed statistically.  Results: The results of the present study showed that among 10,000 donors assessed in the study, there was a prevalence of 0.62% for HBsAg-positive donors in all the subjects. HBsAg positivity rate was significantly higher in males with 0.7% compared to females and in the age range of 56-60 years with 1.5%.  Conclusions: The present study concludes that the prevalence of hepatitis B is decreasing in voluntary blood donors in comparison to the previously reported data. It is vital to generate awareness and education concerning vigorous donor screening, voluntary blood donation encouragement, mass immunization, and blood-borne infections which might help in decreasing the load of hepatitis B and prevent further transfusion-transmitted infections

Background: The hippocampus is a bi-layered structure composed of grey matter found medially within the temporal lobe, which extends over the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and occupies the medial area of its base.  OBJECTIVES: 1. To establish the normogram values of hippocampal lobe volumes on 3 Tesla MRIs.2. To assess the volume of the hippocampal lobe in patients with Mesial Temporal Sclerosis. MATERIAL & METHODS: Study Design: A prospective hospital-based study. Study area: Department of Radio Diagnosis, M. V. J Medical College & Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore. Study Period: 1 year. Study population: Paediatric patients referred to the Department of Radio-diagnosis with clinical suspicion of partial seizures in the age group of 0 – 16 years. Sample size: The study consisted of 40 subjects.  Sampling method: Simple random technique. Results: The mean left and right HCVs before normalisation were 2050.40 ± 70.04 mm3 and 2073.93 ± 62.15 mm3 among children with hippocampal atrophy and 2053.65 ± 73.65 mm3 and 2075.59 ± 77.59 mm3 among normal children respectively. The normalised mean HCV in the left and right was 2.0+/-.35 cc3 and 2.1+/- .35 cc3 in case children, 2.5+/-.35 cc3 and 2.6+/-.35 cc3 in normal children. CONCLUSION:  In conclusion, seizures are a significant neurological issue in childhood, with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) being the most common lesion in surgically eligible epileptic patients. MTS is always associated with clinical seizures and is more prevalent in males, though without significant gender predilection.

Introduction A systemic disease's significant eye symptom is pseudo exfoliation syndrome1. It was Lindberg who while conducting his research paid attention to greyish flakes and fringes at the pupillary border and on anterior lens surface. This was found to be as common in cataract patients as in non-cataractous controls older than 55 years. The phenomenon was observed in 50% of glaucoma patients as well. It was also noticed that this was more prevalent with advancing age.  Material and Methods the current study, a cross-sectional assessment of the population, was conducted in a hospital in the Hospital. Every patient 45 years of age or older who visited the OPD over a period of 6 months had an evaluation for PEX and PXG. In all, the data analysis took place for two years. Obtaining consent from the institutional ethics committee was accomplished with each participant. In cases where typical PEX was discovered at the pupil, lens surface, or other intraocular structures, it was considered that PEX was present in the eye.  Results Among 80 patients, 50 (62.5%) were aged 70–79 years, 25 (31.25%) were 60–69 years, 4 (5%) were over 80, and 1 (1.25%) was 51–59 years. The mean age was 71.83±5.80 years. Males comprised 56 (70%), and females 24 (30%). Bilateral PXF was found in 60 patients (85.71%, 120 eyes), and unilateral in 20 (14.29%, 20 eyes). Lens involvement occurred in 111 (79.29%) eyes, pupillary in 109 (77.86%), iris in 56 (40%), cornea in 20 (14.29%), and angle in 6 (4.29%). Conclusion PES is an age-related, complex systemic disease and characterized by the progressive accumulation of PXM in all ocular tissue, in addition to other parts of the body such as the heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, cerebral meninges, vessel walls, and skin. Multiple epidemiological, geographic, and environmental factors play roles in its pathogenesis. Also, an association between genetic polymorphisms in the LOX1 gene and the disease is known.

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential side effects of synthetic and natural antioxidants in controlling oxidative stress in inflammatory conditions. Methodology: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of synthetic and natural antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in 100 individuals with inflammatory diseases. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants assigned to either a synthetic antioxidant group or a natural antioxidant group, with assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Key outcomes measured included reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), and Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Statistical analyses, including t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariate regression, were employed to compare the changes in these markers between the two groups over time. Result: The results revealed that both antioxidant groups experienced significant reductions in ROS, CRP, and TNF-α, with the natural antioxidant group showing a more pronounced improvement. At 6 months, the natural antioxidant group exhibited a 53.5% reduction in ROS levels, compared to a 40% reduction in the synthetic antioxidant group. Similarly, the natural antioxidant group showed greater reductions in CRP and TNF-α, and a significantly lower DAS28 score (2.7) compared to the synthetic antioxidant group (3.5). Statistical significance was observed at both the 3-month (p = 0.04) and 6-month (p = 0.02) time points for disease activity. Conclusion: Natural antioxidants demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease activity compared to synthetic antioxidants. These findings suggest that natural antioxidants may offer a more effective and comprehensive therapeutic approach for managing inflammatory diseases, potentially leading to better long-term clinical outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and the broader applicability of natural antioxidants in clinical practice.

Background: To compare SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) and FS-LASİK (Femtosecond Laser In Situ Keratomileusis) procedures in terms of dry eye disease. SMILE is a less invasive and flapless method, in this technique, an instrastromal lenticule is extracted through a small incision, anterior cornea is left intact thus corneal biomechanical stability is protected and nerve fibers are preserved, that causes reduction in dry eye. Materials and methods:  This is a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences. Before the surgery, patients read and signed an informed written consent. Forty-seven patients with myopia and/or myopic astigmatism who had undergone SMILE procedure. Forty-three patients with myopia and/or myopic astigmatism who had undergone FSLASIK procedure. Result: Post hoc tests showed that, at 1 and 3 months after operation, there was a statistically significant decrease in TBUT from preoperative values in the SMILE group (8.32 ± 1.39, 𝑝 < 0.001, and 10.25 ± 0.99, 𝑝 < 0.001, resp.), before returning to preoperative values by 6 and 12 months (11.62 ± 0.99, 𝑝 = 0.740, and 11.88 ± 0.98, 𝑝 = 1.00, resp.). In the FS-LASIK group, TBUT was statistically significantly reduced from preoperative values at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively (8.58 ± 1.28 𝑝 < 0.001, 9.48 ± 0.99, 𝑝< 0.001, and 10.24 ± 1.49, 𝑝 < 0.001, resp.), before returning to preoperative values at 12 months (11.35 ± 0.94, 𝑝 = 0.826) Conclusion: The results in both procedures are matching and comparable but a further contralateral eye studies is needed to have a homogenous preoperative matching and avoid bias

Introduction: Bacterial keratitis is also often referred to as a 'corneal ulcer'. In practice, these terms are not directly interchangeable because a cornea may harbor a bacterial infection (i.e bacterial keratitis) without having a loss of tissue (an ulcer) and a cornea may have an ulcer without a bacterial infection. Bacterial keratitis is a serious bacterial infection of the cornea which can, in severe cases, cause loss of vision. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted over a period of six months at the Department of Ophthalmology. Inclusion Criteria: Patients above the age of 18 years presenting with suspected corneal ulceration and having symptoms of pain, redness, watering, photophobia and decreased vision were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with typical features of viral infection and healing ulcers were excluded as were Mooren's ulcers, interstitial keratitis, sterile neurotropic ulcers, and any ulcer associated with autoimmune conditions. Results: Total 90 patients were enrolled with a corneal infiltration that was clinically compatible with the diagnosis of bacterial corneal ulcer. Majority of them were male 54 (60%) and female 40%. The age of patients ranged from 1 to >60 years. Majority of 21-40 years age group (41.1%). The keratitis was induced by foreign body particles were most common risk factor 24.4%. Corneal localization of the ulcers was distributed as in 51 (56.6%) patient's central and in 39 (43.3%) peripheral. The diameter of the corneal ulceration was of 1-2 mm in 24 (26.6%), 3-4 mm in 29 (32.2%), 5-6 mm in 21 (23.3%), 7-8 mm in 9 (10.0%) patients, 7 (7.7%) patients had entire corneal involvement. Ulceration depth was less than 1/3 conreal thickness in 46 (51.1%), between 1/3 to 2/3 in 26 (28.8%) patients and over 2/3 in 18 (20.0%) patients. Anterior chamber inflammation was absent in 9 (10%) patients. A1+ to 2+ Tyndall effect with 1+ to 2+ cells were present in 17 (18.8%) patients, and severe anterior chamber inflammation (3+ to 4+ Tyndall effect and cells, with or without hypopyon) was present in 64 (71.1%) patients. Conclusion: Bacterial Corneal ulcers are a vision-threatening ocular emergency. It is imperative that health care providers across specialties work together so that these patients may have the best possible outcome and avoid the many potential complications.

Background: Hypertension is a chronic illness associated with high morbidity and mortality. Once hypertension is diagnosed, starting antihypertensive therapy on a long-term basis along with regular follow up is important. Drug utilization research also provides insight into the efficiency of drug use, i.e. whether a certain drug therapy provides value for money and the results of such research can be used to help to set priorities for the rational allocation of health care budgets. The main objective of the study is to assess the utilization pattern of antihypertensive in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: This prospective, cross‑sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Dr. VRK Women's Medical College, Aziznagar, Moinabad. Before initiation of the study, the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained. A predesigned pretested schedule was employed to collect the data. The schedule contained information pertaining to basic demographic variables, comorbid conditions, and a format to assess the antihypertensive drugs prescribed. Patients coming to the medicine outpatient department were screened over a 4‑month period. Among all the prescriptions that were screened, prescriptions that had antihypertensive medication as a component were noted along with the hospital number. Results: A Total of 90 patients with history of hypertension were included. In the present study majority of patients i.e., 55.6% (50/90) were among 51-60 years, followed by 24.4% (22/90) patients among 41-50 years, 11.1% (10/90) were 61-70 years.5.6% among 30-40 years, 2.2% were among 71-80 years, least were more than 81 years i.e., 1.1%. The patients were categorized depending on the stages of the hypertension- 10 /90 (11.1%) patients belonged to prehypertension stage, 60/90 patients (66.7%) belonged to stage 1 hypertension and 20/90 (22.2%) patients belonged to stage 2 hypertension. Conclusion: In this study usage of anti-hypertensive drugs were prescribed rationally in tertiary care hospital. The study emphasizes that need for effective continuing medical education and also preventive measures in hypertensive individuals

Objective: The present study investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of leaves of Ageratum conyzoides. Methods: leaves of ethanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides were tested for in vitro free radical scavenging assays, nitric oxide, such as hydroxyl radical, inhibition of superoxide anion radical, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), and hydroxyl radical. Results: leaves extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Further, these effects were in a dose dependent manner. Results were compared to standard antioxidants Conclusion: leaves of Ageratum conyzoides showed strong antioxidant potential.

Background: Maternal nutritional status is important for health and quality of life in women and growing fetus. Maternal weight gain in pregnancy can offer a good means of assessing the wellbeing of the pregnant mother and her baby. Inadequate prenatal weight gain is a significant risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birth weight in infants. Obesity and excessive weight gain on the other hand can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Interestingly, to get a good fetomaternal perinatal outcome mode of delivery decision is also changed with BMI. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of maternal BMI on the mode of delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total 100 population of purposive sampling was the methods of choice to select the sample from the hospital admitted patients during the period from August 2016 to December 2017. Results: The mean age of 100 mothers were 28.4 (± 6.2) years. The maximum mothers attended from 3rd trimester were overweight (55.36%) whereas 44.64% from the same trimester were normal BMI mothers. Maximum mothers (27%) were from 25-29 years age group and the minimum mothers (4%) were from >= 40 years. Forty Seven Percent mothers came as primigravida. Primigravid women and multigravida with LSCS and without LSCS showed different mode of deliveries. The more the gravida with history of caesarean section the more frequency of present occasion of CS (p=0.006). The higher BMI showed more frequency of caesarean section than NVD or assisted delivery (p=<0.00001) Multiparous women showed more BMI than the p nulliparous. (p=0.005). Multiparity, maternal age and pre-existing medical conditions revealed more complicated labor. Conclusion: The more BMI of mother showed more frequency of caesarean section, assisted delivery than the normal vaginal delivery.

Introduction: The cerebellar mutism syndrome is a neurological condition which has been seen in children and only rarely described in adults after surgery of the posterior fossa. It usually appears as a consequence of posterior fossa surgery in children with cerebellar or fourth ventricle tumors. Objectives: It is a case report of an adolescent girl from Bangladesh presenting with postoperative cerebellar mutism. Case: The 15-year-old young, student initially presented with headache of raised intracranial pressure due to obstruction. She developed mutism on the second postoperative day following Surgery for astrocytoma of fourth ventricle. By the second and third post- operative day, her responses to query had almost stopped, but to persistent queries she gave a single word response and it was restricted to either ‘yes’ or ‘no’. She remained silent and kept her eyes closed most of the time and cried for any attempts to wake her. She had mood instability with sudden unprovoked laughter followed by cry. She ate what she was fed and did not have any difficulty swallowing. Conclusion: To the authors’ best knowledge, this is first case report of the cerebellar mutism in Bangladesh which would help the clinicians to deal with syndrome

COVID-19 or SARS-COV-2 is a serious viral illness that has spread all over the world, this disease belongs to the group of coronaviruses. Like other coronaviruses it was transmitted to humans by animals, which is said to be an outbreak from a fish market in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that COVID-19 is a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [2]. For the management of spreading of this disease, some countries forced a complete lockdown. Social distancing, hand hygiene, and isolation were considered largely effective for COVID-19 control [2]. Many medications have been reported for the treatment of Covid-19 disease. One of these medications is hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine which has gained a lot of popularity during the pandemic. This study aims to review the effect of HCQ and CQ on cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 and estimate the potential adverse effects.

The risk of Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is high, and such a risk is not always fully taken into consideration, as Yamada et al. [1]. CF is characterized by altered management of intracellular Chloride (Cl-), owing to altered sequences in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator gene (CFTR). The heterozygous frequency of at least one of the over 1900 mutated sequences of this gene occurs in one of 13 and one of 24 people, respectively, of Ashkenazy and of European descent, a non- infrequent occurrence. Altered Cl- transport might occur also in heterozygous individuals, albeit at a somewhat non-dangerous level. Additional increased modification of Cl- transport can be caused by the Vacuolating Toxin (VacA) of Helicobacter pylori as its p33 subunit with the N-terminal part of the p55 subunit also acts as a chloride channel [2]. VacA is known to circulate in vescicles called exosomes; these are very stable, can enter any cell type, and, therefore, have been proposed as a vehicle for therapies that need to reach distant organs. We wish to report our experience of testing chloride (Cl-) concentration in the sweat of patients with liver cirrhosis, aiming at excluding a risk factor for liver cancer development. Cl- levels above 59 mmol/L were found in 13 adult female patients who accepted to perform the test at the Regional Centre for cystic fibrosis of Torino; this level is a bona fide positive for Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) dysregulation. Seven of these patients had already been diagnosed with cancer (or subsequently were diagnosed) at varying sites (two in breast, one each lung, liver, endometrium, stomach, acoustic nerve).