European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) can lead to diverse ocular manifestations, impacting patient outcomes. This study investigated these manifestations in stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care ICU. The ocular sequelae of cerebrovascular accidents range from common, relatively benign conditions like visual field defects to more severe and debilitating issues such as ischemic optic neuropathy and ocular motor nerve palsies. These ocular manifestations not only have a direct impact on patient quality of life but also serve as crucial diagnostic markers for clinicians managing acute stroke cases. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 150 CVA patients admitted to the ICU was conducted. Data on ocular manifestations, stroke type, and patient demographics were collected and analysed. The inclusion criteria for the study were adults aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident, and admitted to the ICU. Patients with a history of pre-existing ocular conditions, such as glaucoma or retinal pathology, which could confound the assessment of ocular manifestations attributable to the stroke, were excluded. Results: Visual field defects were the most common ocular manifestation, present in 50% of patients, significantly associated with anterior circulation ischemic strokes (30%, p < 0.001). Ocular motility disturbances were noted in 30% of patients, mainly related to posterior circulation ischemic strokes (27%, p = 0.002). Papilledema was observed in 7% of patients, predominantly with haemorrhagic strokes (p = 0.05). Age-related variations were significant, with visual field defects more common in patients under 60 years and ocular motility disturbances in those aged 60-75 years. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were important comorbidities influencing ocular complications. Conclusion: Ocular manifestations are common and varied in stroke patients and are influenced by the type and location of the stroke, age, and comorbid conditions. Their identification is crucial for the comprehensive management and rehabilitation of stroke patients in ICU settings.