Background: Superficial fungal infections are among the most common dermatological conditions worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Their prevalence is influenced by environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of fungal skin infections and to identify associated risk factors among patients attending a dermatology outpatient department. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 patients attending the dermatology outpatient department over a period of 12 months. Patients clinically suspected of fungal infections were evaluated, and diagnosis was confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount where required. Data on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of fungal skin infections was 36%. Dermatophytosis was the most common infection (62%), followed by candidiasis (23%) and pityriasis versicolor (15%). Risk factors significantly associated with fungal infections included poor hygiene, excessive sweating, use of occlusive clothing, diabetes mellitus, and prolonged use of topical steroids (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Fungal skin infections are highly prevalent among dermatology outpatients, with several modifiable risk factors. Public awareness and early treatment are essential to reduce disease burden.
Fungal skin infections are among the most prevalent dermatological conditions affecting individuals across all age groups. They are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, and commonly involve the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are particularly common in tropical countries due to favorable climatic conditions such as heat and humidity.
The prevalence of superficial fungal infections has increased in recent years, partly due to lifestyle changes, widespread use of immunosuppressive therapies, and inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids. Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is the most frequent type of fungal infection seen in clinical practice.
Various host and environmental factors contribute to the occurrence of fungal infections, including poor hygiene, overcrowding, excessive sweating, diabetes mellitus, and use of occlusive clothing. Understanding these factors is essential for effective prevention and management.
This study aims to determine the prevalence of fungal skin infections and to identify associated risk factors among patients attending a dermatology outpatient department.
Study Design and Setting A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care hospital. Study Duration 12 months. Study Population Patients of all age groups attending the dermatology outpatient department. Sample Size 300 patients. Inclusion Criteria • Patients with clinically suspected fungal skin infections • Patients willing to participate Exclusion Criteria • Patients on antifungal treatment within the past 2 weeks • Patients with incomplete data Data Collection A structured proforma was used to collect: • Demographic details (age, gender) • Clinical features • Personal hygiene practices • Clothing habits • Comorbidities (e.g., diabetes) • History of steroid use Laboratory Diagnosis • KOH mount examination for fungal elements • Culture where required Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was applied. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Prevalence of Fungal Infections
Out of 300 patients, 108 were diagnosed with fungal skin infections, giving a prevalence of 36%.
Demographic Profile
The majority of affected patients were in the age group of 21–40 years (42%), followed by 41–60 years (28%). Males constituted 60% and females 40%.
Types of Fungal Infections
Among fungal infections:
Tinea corporis and tinea cruris were the most common clinical presentations.
Risk Factors
Significant risk factors included:
These factors showed statistically significant association with fungal infections (p < 0.05).
Fungal skin infections are highly prevalent among dermatology outpatients, with dermatophytosis being the most common type. Several modifiable risk factors contribute to their occurrence. Public health strategies focusing on hygiene, awareness, and rational drug use are essential. Limitations • Single-center study • Lack of fungal culture in all cases • Cross-sectional design Recommendations • Educate patients on hygiene and prevention • Avoid misuse of topical steroids • Early diagnosis and treatment Screening in high-risk populations
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