European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a global health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac involvement, particularly left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), has gained attention as a common comorbidity in COPD patients. This prospective study aimed to elucidate the relationship between COPD and LVD, exploring incidence, predictors, clinical implications, and potential interventions. Methods: A cohort of 300 COPD patients, aged 40 years and older, underwent baseline assessments and regular follow-up visits over 24 months. Echocardiography, spirometry, and clinical data were collected. Predictors of LVD were identified using Cox proportional hazards models. Longitudinal changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: Over 24 months, LVD incidence increased from 0% at baseline to 28.3%. Age (HR 1.08 per year), current smoking (HR 2.15 vs. never smokers), and severe COPD (HR 3.20, GOLD Stage 4 vs. Stage 1) were significant predictors of LVD. LVEF declined progressively (from 57.8% to 52.2%). LVD was associated with higher hospitalizations (58.3% vs. 33.3%), mortality (25% vs. 8.3%), and exacerbations (133.3% vs. 62.5%) compared to non-LVD patients. Conclusion: This study reveals the dynamic relationship between COPD and LVD. Age, smoking, and disease severity were identified as predictors of LVD. The decline in LVEF over time and its impact on clinical outcomes underscore the clinical relevance of LVD in COPD patients. Comprehensive management