European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: The kidneys expel uric acid (UA), the byproduct of purine hydrolysis. The enzymes xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase are in charge of the generation and breakdown of uric acid. Both enzymes participate in the production of oxygen free radicals, which increases oxidative stress, by catalysing the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine, which is the primary enzyme in purine metabolism