European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:  Over the past few decades, the percentage of patients with end-stage renal disease brought on by diabetes has steadily risen. The most popular biochemical parameter for routinely estimating GFR is serum creatinine level. Notwithstanding the fact that large increases in serum creatinine can occur before 50% of GFR is lost. It has been discovered that cystatin C is a new, promising marker for the early detection of renal diseases. To investigate the connection between microalbuminuria and serum cystatin C for the early detection of renal impairment in type 1 diabetic patients. Methods: From April 2021 to January 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, T R R, Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangareddy, Telangana, India. They were split into two groups, Group I with diabetes diagnosed for less than five years and Group II with diabetes diagnosed for more than five years. The Albumin Creatinine Ratio was used to classify the patients in each group as cases and controls. The levels of serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, hemoglobin A1c, and urine ACR were estimated. Microsoft Excel was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: In the study, 80 patients with type 1 DM were enrolled. Cystatin C levels in cases with type 1 DM lasting longer than five years were found to be statistically significant (0.88±0.43 compared to 0.65±0.38). Over a period of more than five years, a statistically significant positive correlation between cystatin C and ACR (r=0.4, p<0.05) was discovered. According to this, serum levels of cystatin C rise as ACR values rise. There was no noticeable difference in cystatin C levels in patients with type 1 diabetes for less than five years. Conclusion: In patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who have had the condition for longer than five years, Cystatin C levels in the blood may be utilised as an early sign of renal impairment. However, in our study, patients with Type 1 diabetes who have had the disease for less than five years do not show any significance for Cystatin C.