European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Anaemia is a medical condition in which the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and erythrocyte count are lower than the normal range. The main causes of anaemia are a decrease in RBCs, insufficient Hb synthesis or increased RBCs destruction, and the primary cause is an iron deficiency. A useful method for diagnosis and classification of anaemias is based on the morphological appearance of RBCs on an ideal stained blood smear. Aim: In our prospective study we investigated about the morphological type and the etiological spectrum of anemia  Materials and Methods: A hospital based prospective was carried out in the Department of Pathology, tertiary care hospital, central India from October 2021 to September 2022. A total of 250 patients of 18-80 years age group were evaluated for morphological pattern of anaemia based on red cell indices, peripheral smear, and leukocyte and platelet parameters. Anaemia was defined according to WHO criteria as Hb concentration <13 g/dL in men and 12 g/dL in women.  Results: The results of CBC and PBP showed that 72 (29%), 138 (55%), and 40 (16%) of the patients had normocytic normochromic, microcytic hypochromic and macrocytic pattern of anaemia respectively. The gender wise classification of the patterns revealed that 44 male patients and 28 female patients had normocytic normochromic patterns, while 105 female patients and 33 male patients had microcytic hypochromic patterns whereas 23 males’ patients and 17 cases of female patients showed macrocytic pattern. Pancytopenia was found in 12% cases while neutrophilia and lymphocytosis were in 10% cases. Conclusion: Morphological patterns of anemia reflect the underlying etiology, the study of which would ensure benefits in the early detection and appropriate treatment. Iron deficiency anemia being a nutritional anemia which can be prevented by improving nutritional status, creating awareness and educating people.