European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients having severe valvular heart disease (VHD). Our research aims to observe a possible causal relationship between the two.  Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for severe VHD in the cardiovascular department of Katuri medical college and hospital between 2019 and 2022. Based on transthoracic echocardiography, patients were divided into 4 groups: patients having severe aortic stenosis (AS), patients having severe aortic regurgitation (AR), patients having severe mitral stenosis (MS), and patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Preoperative coronary angiographies were reviewed for the presence or the absence of significant CAD (50% luminal stenosis). Results: Out of the 100 patients having severe VHD that were reviewed, 5 patients had isolated aortic valve disease, 23 patients had isolated mitral valve disease, and 72 patients had combined aortomitral valve disease. Significant CAD was found in 20% of all patients with severe VHD, in 19.4% of patients with mixed aortomitral valve disease, and in 26.1% of patients with isolated mitral valve disease. Prevalence of significant CAD in patients with severe AS was found to be 43.7%.  Statistical analysis showed a higher prevalence in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and a significant relationship between CAD and aortic valve disease, mainly severe AS (p < 0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence of CAD in patients with VHD is 20%, and it correlates significantly with severe Aortic Stenosis. Future large studies are needed to evaluate the possible causal relationship.