European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Encephalocele is a birth defect caused by a neural tube defect in which a portion of the brain protrudes through an opening in the skull. This can cause a swelling or saclike protrusion over the affected area. Occipital encephalocele is the most common type and typically appears as a midline swelling over the back of the skull. It is important to diagnose and treat this condition as early as possible to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Treatment may involve surgery to repair the opening in the skull and reposition the protruding brain tissue. Aims And Objectives: The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of occipital encephalocele, including its incidence, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. By reviewing the existing literature this paper aims to present a consolidated and up-to-date understanding of this congenital condition. Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 24 patients admitted with congenital swelling over occipital scalp under department of neurosurgery , GRMC and associated J.A. group of Hospitals from May 2022 to April 2023 who underwent surgery. No randomisation done.  Results: The study included 24 patients, with 71% being female and 29% being male. Occipital encephalocele has an incidence rate of 1 in 3000 to 1 in 10,000 live births, and about 90% of cases involve the midline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the best diagnostic method for occipital encephalocele. Surgical intervention is the preferred treatment option for occipital encephalocele. However, the overall morbidity and mortality rate associated with this condition is still high, despite advanced surgical techniques. Nevertheless, recent advancements in high-resolution imaging, proper surgical management, and post-operative care have significantly improved outcomes. Conclusion: Occipital encephalocele is the most common type of encephalocele. Diagnosis primarily relies on neuroimaging. Surgery is the optimal treatment. Despite high morbidity and mortality rates, advancements in imaging, surgical techniques, and post-operative care have led to significant improvements in recent years.