European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades. There are estimated to be 2.38 million new cases in 2023 (12.9% of the total), 58% of which occurred in the less developed regions. The disease remains as the 3rd most common cancer in men worldwide. Cancer of the lung has not received much attention in India so far, neither has the carcinogenic potential of tobacco smoke been adequately realized by the general public.11 The prevalence of Lung Cancer is increasing in India along with increase in tobacco smoking habit particularly in rural India.   Material And Methods This is a prospective study consisting of 50 Lung cancer  patients examining the clinical, radiological and Histopathological Profile. The present study comprises of 50 patients who are admitted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kamineni academy of medical sciences and research centre, Hyderabad from April 2022 to March 2023. All the patients having symptoms and radiological features suggestive of primary or secondary malignancy of Lung and Pleura are included in the study. Detailed demographic and clinical parameters including age, sex, occupation, and habits like smoking and alcoholism were taken.  Results: Most common diagnostic modality used was FOB  guided  biopsy  (36%), followed by CT guided trans thoracic biopsy (32%).  Ultra sound guided biopsy was done in 18%. 6% of patients were diagnosed by pleural fluid analysis.  4% were diagnosed by lymph node biopsy and bronchial washings cytology. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histopathological type noted accounting for 48% followed by adenocarcinoma. It was also observed that 10 patients presented with secondary lung malignancy, 3 of whom were presented with lung mass lesions and the remaining 7 patients were presented with pleural effusions. Conclusion: This study has shown smoking as the principal risk factor in the causation of lung cancer among men. Lung cancer should always be suspected in a person presenting with unexplained cough of several weeks with other symptoms such as weight loss and fever with non-resolving collapseconsolidation on chest radiograph, and further investigations should be carried out to rule out lung cancer. Majority of the cases were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and treated, causing delay in diagnosis. This emphasized the need for more effective methods like FOB, CT for early detection of lung cancer.