European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:  Stroke is a global and the most frequent cause of disability worldwide. There are many modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors present. Homocysteine is also a potentially modifiable risk factor. Vitamin B 12 and folic acid are essential for metabolism of homocysteine. There is scarcity of data in Indian population regarding relationship of homocysteine, Vitamin B 12, Folic acid with severity and early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke. Objectives: Our study aims at finding out the relation between serum homocysteine, vitamin B 12, folic acid levels with severity and early deterioration in terms of NIHSS score in patients of acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 patients of acute ischemic stroke case admitted in MBS Hospital, Kota in year 2020-22 and also 50 healthy age and sex matched subjects taken as control.                                                                                                                                          Results: In our study which was aimed to correlate the relation of level of serum homocysteine, serum vitamin B 12, folic acid in case and control group with severity and early neurological deterioration. We found there to be in pathological range and statistically significant. Similarly, NIHSS score correlated with serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid level in acute ischemic stroke patients at the time of admission, however correlation was found to be statistically significant only with mean serum homocysteine level. There was no correlation found between NIHSS score and mean serum vitaminB12 level and mean serum folic acid level. Also, when we correlated Early neurological   deterioration (END) with mean serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid level we found no statistically significant correlation between them. On comparing risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, ischemic heart disease, tobacco chewer, alcohol intake history) with mean serum homocysteine level, mean serum vitamin B12, mean serum folic acid level in acute ischemic stroke patients, we found statistically significant correlation only with vitamin B12 with history of alcohol intake and smoking. Also, we found statistically significant correlation between mean serum folic acid and history of alcohol intake.