European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and Insulin resistance. Leptin is a 16-kDa protein hormone, which is secreted by adipocytes. Plasma Leptin concentration increases in proportion to body fat mass and regulate food intake and energy expenditure to maintain body fat stores. Leptin binds with a Leptin receptor (LEPR) that is located on pancreatic beta cells to regulate Insulin secretion. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital over a period of 1 year. After the inclusion of participants in the study, their demographics such as age, BMI, gender, and smoking history were noted in self-structured questionnaires. Their blood was drawn and sent to the laboratory for Lipid profile levels, Insulin resistance and Leptin levels. The serum levels of Leptin were measured using a Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).  Results: The probable association between Leptin and Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 60 recent onset (<5 years) diabetics and age-sex matched 60 non-diabetic controls were assessed for physical and chemical parameters. All the physical parameters showed positive correlation with Leptin and the HOMA-IR score, the strength of association being highest between Insulin resistance and abdominal circumference. Leptin and Insulin resistance showed no correlation. Findings were lower in controls.  Conclusion: In our study, significant higher level of Leptin was found in Insulin resistant subjects compared to the subjects without the condition in both genders. This finding provides an insight into the explanation why the metabolic risk was different among persons with same degree of adiposity and may help identify the people at risk for diabetes and/or cardiovascular diseases across adiposity level and thereby an important contribution in clinical and preventive measures.