European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Cataract phacoemulsification surgery is a highly effective intervention, yet not without the risk of postoperative complications, including endophthalmitis. The prophylactic use of antibacterial drugs has gained prominence in mitigating these risks. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic antibacterial drugs, specifically moxifloxacin, in preventing post-cataract surgery complications. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 400 adult cataract patients randomized into two groups: the Antibacterial Prophylaxis Group (APG) and the Control Group (CG). The APG received topical moxifloxacin preoperatively and postoperatively, while the CG did not receive prophylactic antibiotics. Surgical outcomes, microbial profiles, antibiotic resistance patterns, patient satisfaction, and adverse events were assessed. Results: The APG exhibited a significantly lower incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis (0.5%) compared to the CG (1.8%) (p = 0.032). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the predominant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance profiles included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus. Patient satisfaction scores were consistently high in both groups. Adverse events were infrequent and manageable. Conclusion: Prophylactic moxifloxacin significantly reduced the incidence of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. The microbial profile underscores the persistent role of specific pathogens, while antibiotic resistance highlights emerging challenges. Patient satisfaction remained high, emphasizing the holistic approach to surgical care. Our findings contribute to evidence-based perioperative strategies and emphasize the importance of antibiotic stewardship in ocular infections.