European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Irregular menstrual cycles are a prevalent concern affecting women worldwide, with a diverse range of underlying causes including hormonal imbalances and anatomical irregularities. Sonography has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate gynecological conditions, while hormonal imbalances and dermatological manifestations have been linked to menstrual irregularities. However, the correlation between these factors in women with irregular periods requires further exploration. Present study aimed to evaluate sonographic findings in patients presenting with irregular periods and subsequent correlation with hormonal levels and significant dermatological manifestations. Methods: This prospective observational study conducted at the Department of Radiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences(RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand. A sample of 200 women with irregular menstrual cycles in the age group of 18 to 45 years were recruited. Sonographic imaging focused on identifying anatomical irregularities, and hormonal assays measured estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH and TSH levels. Dermatological assessments examined acne, hirsutism, and abnormal pigmentation,  rashes and alopecia. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Sonographic findings revealed no abnormality in 24%, polycystic ovaries(PCOD) in 42%, uterine fibroids in 18% and endometriosis in 16% of participants. Hormonal analysis demonstrated positive correlations between LH/FSH ratio  and PCOD (r = 0.56, p = 0.011), positive correlation between estrogen and uterine fibroid(r=0.45,p=0.14), positive correlation between estrogen and endometriosis(r=0.24,p=0.12) and negative correlation between progesterone and endometriosis(r=-0.31,p=0.04). 31% of normal patients on sonography had elevated TSH levels. Dermatological manifestations of PCOD included acne (35%), hirsutism (47%), abnormal pigmentation (22%) and alopecia (11%) with some overlapping of findings. In endometriosis patients 20% had acne and 16% had rashes. No specific dermatological finding was seen in fibroid patients.  Significant correlations were observed between PCOD and dermatological conditions. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of sonographic imaging in diagnosing irregular menstrual cycles and identifies potential associations between hormonal imbalances and dermatological manifestations. This integrated approach enhances understanding of irregular menstrual cycles, facilitating targeted treatment plans and improved patient outcomes.