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Research Article | Volume 13 Issue:3 (, 2023) | Pages 1266 - 1273
Effect of Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Activity & Blood Sugar Indices in Adult Males: A Cross Sectional Study
Under a Creative Commons license
Open Access
DOI : 10.5083/ejcm
Published
Aug. 23, 2023
Abstract

Background:  Changes  in  blood  pressure  and  heart  rate  in  smokers  have  been  investigated  in  previous  studies  but  far  less  is  known  about  the  cardiac  autonomic  response  in  smokers  and  according  to  best  of  our  knowledge  there  is  insufficient  data  especially  in  Northern  India  on  effect  of  smoking  on  HRV  (Heart Rate Variability).     Therefore,  we  have  taken  up  this  study  to  assess  HRV  including  the  non  linear  HRV  indices  and  HbA1c  in  non-diabetic,  smokers  and  non-smokers.  Methods:  A  total  of  sixty-two  participants  (including  30  male,  non-diabetic,  smokers  of  20  to  40  years  and  32  age  matched,  male,  healthy  non-smokers)  were  studied.  Anthropometric  variables  were  recorded.  HRV  was  recorded  and  blood  sample  was  sent  for  HbA1c  and  average  blood  glucose  level. Results:  We  found  a  significant  decrease  in  SBP  (p=0.0001),  DBP  (p=0.0002),  PR  (p=0.0072),  time  domain parameters -  mean  RR  (p=0.0001),  SDNN  (p=0.0001),  RMSSD  (p=0.0001)  &  pNN50  (p=0.0061),  frequency  domain  parameters  -  TP  (p=0.0002),  LF  (p=0.001)  and  HF  (p=0.0002)  and  non-linear  parameters -  SD1  (p=0.0015)  &  SD2  (p=0.0023)  in  the  study  group.  Cardiovascular  and  HRV  parameters  were  negatively  correlated  with  smoking  index. Conclusions:  Cigarette  smoking  impairs  cardiac  autonomic  activity.  We  found  a  significant decrease  in  the  time  and  frequency  domain  parameters  of  HRV  which   may  be  responsible  for  suppression  of  vagal  tone  and  increased  sympathetic  activity.  The  pack  years  and  smoking  index  were  significantly  associated  with  impaired  cardiac  autonomic  activity  and  decreased  HRV  which  may  predispose  to  cardiac  arrhythmias  including  sudden  cardiac  death. 

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