European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Anemia, characterized by diminished red blood cells or hemoglobin levels, is a global health challenge with significant implications for health outcomes. Ischemic stroke, a major type of stroke caused by cerebral blood supply disruptions, presents a substantial public health concern. The intricate relationship between anemia, iron status, and ischemic stroke risk remains complex and controversial, with varying observational studies reporting conflicting associations. This review aims to navigate this complex interplay and shed light on the relationship between anemia, iron status, and stroke severity. Materials and Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care setup. Patients meeting specific inclusion criteria were selected, and a subset of 65 patients with anemia was analyzed. Hemoglobin levels, anemia severity, peripheral smear classification, and NIHSS scores were assessed. Statistical analysis using SPSS 27 software included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine associations. Results: Among stroke patients with anemia, 55.4% were males, and 44.6% were females. Anemia severity was categorized as mild (18.5%), moderate (66.1%), and severe (18.5%). Peripheral smear analysis revealed microcytic hypochromic (55.4%), macrocytic (21.5%), and dimorphic (23.1%) anemia. NIHSS scoring classified patients into minor (5%), moderate (46.2%), moderate to severe (30.8%), and severe (15.4%) stroke categories. Analysis indicated no significant association between NIHSS scores and anemia severity or peripheral smear classification. Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding the intricate relationship between anemia and ischemic stroke. The complex interplay between anemia severity, peripheral smear classification, and stroke severity underscores the need for further investigation. While proposed mechanisms connecting anemia and stroke risk exist, additional research is essential to unravel the intricacies and establish a comprehensive comprehension of their interaction.