European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a pressing modern pandemic, with emerging evidence highlighting the pivotal role of glycemic control, alongside blood pressure and lipid management, in mitigating the onset and severity of T2DM-related complications. Particularly, T2DM often precipitates dyslipidemia, notably in cases of inadequate glycemic control, escalating the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Notably, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) stands out as a superior indicator of blood glucose levels compared to fasting and postprandial measurements. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 78 patients aged over 40 years, diagnosed with Type 2 DM without clinical evidence of coronary artery disease. Thorough medical histories and systemic examinations were conducted. The evaluation included hemogram analysis, urinalysis, fasting and postprandial blood sugar assessments, HbA1c measurements, lipid profile analysis, chest X-rays, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms. Results: Among the participants, approximately 29.51% of male patients and 48.15 % of female patients exhibited HbA1c levels ≤8%, while the remainder had HbA1c levels >8%. In terms of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, 53.85% of patients had LDL-C <100 mg/dl, 17.95% had LDL-C levels between 100 and 129 mg/dl, and 28.21% had LDL-C levels ≥130 mg/dl. As for HDL, approximately 52.56% of patients had levels below 40 mg/dl, 33.33% registered HDL levels between 40 and 50 mg/dl, while 14.10% recorded HDL levels exceeding 50 mg/dl. Conclusion: There is a direct correlation between HbA1c levels and LDL-C, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels, while a negative correlation exists with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Patients with HbA1c levels >8% exhibited a higher frequency of elevated LDL-C, TC, TG, and low HDL-C compared to those with HbA1c levels ≤8%.