European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Hypertension, characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels, presents a substantial global health challenge. Defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher, hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. It contributes significantly to premature mortality and represents a major public health concern. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated risk factors within the rural field practice area of RIMS (Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences) in Raichur, India. This investigation is critical in shedding light on the burden of hypertension in rural communities and informing targeted interventions. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a three-month period, commencing in December 2021 and concluding in February 2022. A multistage proportional sampling method was employed to select a representative sample of approximately 409 participants from the rural field practice area. Data collection included blood pressure measurements following Joint National Committee 8 (JNC 8) guidelines, participant interviews using semi-structured questionnaires, and obtaining written informed consent. Participants meeting specific inclusion criteria, aged 30 years and above, and residing in the study area for at least one year, were enrolled. Pregnant women were excluded due to unique health considerations. Key risk factors, including age, gender, education level, occupation, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and diabetic status, were assessed. Results: Our study revealed a significant prevalence of hypertension within the rural population of RIMS Raichur, with notable variations across demographic groups. Age, gender, education level, and lifestyle factors exhibited significant associations with hypertension. For instance, individuals aged 51-60 demonstrated the highest prevalence (37.91%), while males exhibited a higher prevalence (58.68%) compared to females (41.32%). Illiterate individuals displayed a higher hypertension prevalence (62.33%), emphasizing the role of education. Furthermore, BMI emerged as a critical risk factor, with overweight and obese individuals at greater risk. Lifestyle choices, such as physical inactivity, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption, also exhibited notable associations with hypertension, as did diabetic status. Conclusion: This study underscores the substantial burden of hypertension in the rural field practice area. The identified risk factors, including age, gender, education, BMI, and lifestyle choices, emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address this public health concern. Tailored healthcare strategies, education initiatives, and lifestyle modification programs are essential to mitigate the impact of hypertension in rural communities. These findings contribute to our understanding of hypertension epidemiology and offer valuable insights for the development of effective prevention and management strategies in this specific context.