European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: India is the second most populated country in the world, with children under the age of 14 making up around 28.6% of the total population [1]. Children under the age of five make up 20% of India's population. It has been shown that children's mortality and morbidity are inversely correlated with their age. The national average for U-5, newborn, and neonatal death rates is 50, 41, and 29 per 1000 live births, respectively, according to NFHS 4[1]'s most current figures.Twenty-one percent of U-5 child mortality occur in India alone. The purpose of Millennium Development purpose 4 (MDG4) is to reduce the rate of under-five mortality by 66% from 1990 to 2015.Neonatal causes account for 4% of U-5MR cases worldwide, followed by pneumonia (17%), diarrhoea (9%), malaria (7%), and other conditions such as meningitis, AIDS, measles, and injuries (24%). Malnutrition is a factor in 45% of U-5 mortality. These death rates serve as sensitive gauges for more than just health.Material and Method: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from November 2018 to October 2020 on 28 days to 5 years old children admitted in pediatric ward. Before enrolling the patient, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied and Institutional Ethical Committee approval was taken. Informed consent was obtained from the parents.All the information about the diseased child, demographic characteristics, feeding status, immunisation, socioeconomic status was recorded. Nutritional status of the patient and anemia status was recorded and detailed study of disease profile and cause of mortality were recorded in the case record sheet, all children of both sexes, aged 28 days to 5 years, admitted in the pediatric ward of the teaching hospital and parents willing to participate in the study, were included.  Result:Hence, it is possible that the prevalence of malnutrition might vary depending on the criterion used. The study conducted by Kamran Ahmad et al. found a noteworthy correlation between feeding practises and malnourishment. There is a noteworthy correlation between them in children under five, according to several research conducted in hospitals and communities. Families, especially mothers, need to be made aware of the nutritional needs of their children and how to provide a healthy meal at home using inexpensive, readily accessible foods. It is the responsibility of healthcare professionals to advise parents on the value of family planning, birth spacing, vaccinations, exclusive breastfeeding until the child is six months old, and when to wean their child.Conclusion: Present study concludes pneumonia is the leading cause of death i.e. (30.5%) followed by CNS infection (27.7%), malaria (19.4%), diarrhea (11.1%) respectively.Similarly the morbidity of under- five hospitalised children are the conditions like pneumonia (32.5%), malaria (16.7), CNS infection (16.4%), diarrhea(12%) respectivelyMorbidity and mortality in under- five children are more associated with malnutrition. Maximum number of cases in hospitalised under five children are having moderate acute malnutrition (i.e. 49.5%) and severe acute malnutrition in 13.7% cases. Among the mortality maximum percentage of cases (72%) are having MAM and 14% of cases having SAM.