European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Gallstone’s status was based on information from self-reports, imaging procedures, surgical notes, and medical records. Among controls, a transabdominal ultrasound was performed to detect asymptomatic gallstones. Gallstones were removed from cancer cases and gallstone patients were classified by size, weight,color, pattern, and content of cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acids. cancers of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater, respectively, persisting when restricted to those with gallstones at least 10 years prior to cancer. Biliary cancer risks were higher among subjects with both gallstones and self-reported cholecystitis, particularly for gallbladder cancergallbladder, bile duct, and ampulla of Vater cancers, respectively, could be attributed to gallstones. Cancers of the biliary tract encompass those arising from the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater. Biliary cancer is relatively uncommon in most parts of the world, although high-risk populations and upward incidence trends have been reported in certain areas (Hsing et al, 1998, 2006). Although gallstones are a well-documented risk factor for gallbladder cancer (Diehl, 1983, 1991; Zatonski et al, 1997; Lazcano-Ponce et al, 2001; Hsing et al, 2006), their role in cancers of the extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater is less established. Material and Methods: A prospectivestudy was conducted on patients admitted in various Departments of the J.A. Group of Hospitalsfrom Jan. 2021 to Aug. 2022. 75 patients will be selected for the study with gallstone disease and 75 patients as controls for conducting this study. Result: Females are mostcommonly affected with gallbladder cancer than males. Patients in the age group of 45-59 years were found to have the highest risk of gall bladder cancer. The mean age of the patients affected was 52 years. Patients having gallstone disease were more prone to developing gallbladder cancer.The size of the stone also has a significant risk factor for gallbladder cancer  ,No of stone also a significant role in developing gall bladder cancer. that gallstones were a strong risk factor for all three subsites of biliary cancer.cholesterol stones were commoner in gallbladder cancer while pigment stones predominated in bile duct cancer is consistent with the view that gallbladder cancer is more associated with lifestyle factors (diet, obesity, etc.), while bile duct cancer is associated with chronic infection or inflammation. Conclusion: That cholesterol stones were commoner in gallbladder cancer while pigment stones predominated in bile duct cancer is consistent with the view that gallbladder cancer is more associated with lifestyle factors (diet, obesity, etc.), while bile duct cancer is associated with chronic infection or inflammation (Cetta, 1991). Cholesterol stones are associated with lithogenic bile supersaturated with cholesterol, due to increased hepatic secretion of cholesterol or diminished secretion of bile salts and phospholipids that maintain the solubility of cholesterol (el Zayadi et al, 1991). In contrast, pigment stones have a high biliary concentration and are closely linked to cirrhosis, chronic infection, and blood disorders (Swidsinski and Lee, 2001). past few decades, there has been an increase in cholesterol stones and a decrease in pigment stones, probably related to increasing obesity and a more westernised diet and lifestyle. In our study, the magnitude of the biliary cancer risks associated with gallstones was higher than in most previous studies (Lowenfels et al, 1985; Vitetta et al, 2000), possibly due to our more comprehensive assessment of gallstone status and only assessment of gall stones in relation to gall bladder cancers.