European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Bone lesions may present a diagnostic challenge to the histopathologists. Proper evaluation requires correlation of age, clinical presentation, site and imaging. In this study we aimed to evaluate the osteolytic lesions of the bone reported at the department of pathology in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective study over a period of 5 years from 2018 to 2023. Osteosclerotic lesions were excluded from our study. The lesions were classified as non-neoplastic lesions, tumour like lesions, benign lesions and malignant lesions. Results: Over 5 years, 100 cases of osteolytic lesions of bone were reported. Of these, 37% were non-neoplastic lesions. The most common sites of osteolytic lesions were the femur, tibia and humerus. The most frequent histological diagnosis was giant cell tumour followed by chronic osteomyelitis and osteosarcoma. The most common benign neoplasm was giant cell tumour, and osteosarcoma was the predominant malignant lesion. Conclusion: Benign neoplasms are the most common osteolytic lesions. Bones of the extremities are the most frequent sites of involvement by both benign and malignant tumours. In addition to radiological correlation, a thorough knowledge of the age, sex and site of the common bone lesions were required for a correct histopathological diagnosis, so that proper treatment can be instituted. Most of these lesions do not require IHC for the diagnosis.