European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Urinary   bladder lesions   including both non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions are disabling. Neoplastic lesions of the bladder are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Urinary bladder cancer is 2nd most common cancer after prostate cancer in genitourinary system.  Histopathological analysis of cystoscopic bladder biopsy and Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) material are the mainstay for cancer diagnosis. Aim: The aim is to analyze the relative incidence, clinical presentation and spectrum of lesions in the urinary bladder at our institute which is tertiary referral Hospital. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of all urinary bladder specimens which were received in the department of pathology, Osmania General Hospital during a four-year period from Jan 2019 to Feb 2023 was conducted. Clinical data like age, sex, clinical presentation was recorded. Tissues were grossed, bits processed sections stained with Hematoxylin &Eosin, and examined microscopically. Immunohistochemistry was done to confirm the diagnosis. 118 Cases recorded during the 4-year period were analysed. Results: 118 cases were studied during period of 4 years.  Of them    13 cases were benign and 105 cases were malignant. Commonest symptom was hematuria. Most of the benign lesions occurred in the 4th decade, malignant tumors were common in 6th decade. Commonest benign lesion was chronic nonspecific cystitis. Among the neoplastic lesions, urothelial carcinoma was most common tumor seen in 6th decade   predominantly in males, with male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Malignant tumors are more common than benign tumors in the urinary bladder. High grade urothelial carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor encountered which occurred predominantly in males in our study. Tumors are invasive and best evaluated with imaging study’s Conclusion: Urinary bladder lesions are heterogenous and awareness about the risk factors, their various histological features and subtype, risk of recurrence and possible pitfalls can help in accurate and early diagnosis. IHC patterns of molecular subtypes of invasive urothelial carcinoma will enable the identification of case with poor outcome and development of novel biomarker-directed therapies. Therefore, a method to sub type the tumors that is applicable to routine clinical use is necessary.