European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid disorder stand as prevalent endocrine disorders with documented mutual influences. This study explores the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and DM, considering the escalating global prevalence of both conditions. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at SLN Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, involving 150 diabetes patients. The study utilized a purposive sample selection, employing a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire. Patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism based on clinical presentation and thyroid function tests were investigated for cardiovascular manifestations. Results: The study revealed age and gender distribution among diabetes patients, with the peak incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the 4th and 5th decades. ECG findings in hypothyroidism included ST-segment depression, low voltage complex, prolonged Q-Tc, sinus bradycardia, and ventricular ectopics. Hyperthyroidism exhibited sinus tachycardia, LV hypertrophy, prolonged Q-Tc interval, LV strain, atrial fibrillation, atrial ectopics, and ventricular ectopics. Significant differences were noted in the distribution of thyroid conditions among type 1 and type 2 DM patients. Discussion: The study discussed the impact of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system, particularly in patients with diabetes. Overt hypothyroidism was associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, while hyperthyroidism exhibited diverse ECG findings. The coexistence of thyroid disease and diabetes induced metabolic abnormalities, contributing to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for recognizing and managing thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients to mitigate potential cardiovascular complications. The diverse ECG findings underscore the complexity of these interactions. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to deepen our understanding and guide effective clinical management strategies in this population.