European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Adrenal myelolipoma is an infrequent benign lesion characterized by the presence of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic precursor cells. Typically, it is discovered incidentally on CT/MRI scans or during autopsies, occurring in only 0.08 to 0.4% of cases. Adrenal myelolipomas are mostly asymptomatic, non-functioning, small, unilateral adrenal tumors commonly detected as incidental findings in imaging studies. This study presents the clinicopathological characteristics of six cases of adrenal myelolipomas treated at HCG Cancer hospital and ESIC Medical College and Hospital. These cases are noteworthy due to their rarity and considerable size. Of particular concern is the increasing incidence of large adrenal myelolipomas (>10 cm) leading to life-threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage and other complications, including abscess formation. Materials and Methods: Over a span of five years, we examined six cases of adrenal myelolipoma received at the Department of Pathology in HCG Cancer hospital and ESIC Medical College and Hospital. Following thorough gross examination, representative tissue samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. We evaluated the clinicomorphological features of these cases and compared them with findings from related studies. Results: All six cases were associated with known diabetes and hypertension. The age of the patients ranged from 55 to 70 years, and the tumors exhibited sizes ranging from 5 cm to 10.5 cm. On external examination, the tumors displayed a globular appearance with gray-brown areas, while the cut surfaces revealed gray-brown to gray-yellow areas. One of the tumors exhibited evidence of hemorrhage, and one case was concomitant with adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Conclusion: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumor, and histopathological examination is essential for confirming its diagnosis and distinguishing it from other adrenal and renal lesions.