European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Congenital anomalies affect approximately 1 in 33 infants leading to 6.6% of deaths in infants and causing significant morbidity in children. There is a need for a study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, prognostication, follow-up and outcomes of antenatally diagnosed surgical anomalies. Aim & Objectives: To identify cases of antenatally detected congenital anomalies within the purview of a surgical perspective, serially monitor them and assess their outcomes over the given period of study. Methods: A total of 60 patients were selected from those pregnant mothers who were referred for antenatal counseling after the fetus was diagnosed to have congenital anomalies during routine gestational scanning in the tertiary care hospital, Ramaiah Medical College and Memorial Hospital over a period of July 1, 2015 to July 1, 2017. All relevant data of the patients was entered into a Proforma and all the quantitative variables were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, median, and standard deviation. All the qualitative variables were presented using frequency and percentage. The association between the various abnormalities and the outcomes was tested using Chi Square Test. Results 41.9% of mothers less than 25 years of age showed fetuses with renal involvement, 29% involved multiple systems, 25.8% involved GIT and 3.2% involved the respiratory system. In mothers older than 25 years of age, 41.4% involved the renal system, 24.1% involved the GIT, 27.6% multiple systems and 6.9% involved the respiratory system. The highest incidence in this study was found to be of renal system involvement. 60.9% of renal anomalies, 21.7% of GIT anomalies, and 8.7% of multiple system and respiratory system anomalies did not require surgical intervention. 35.3% of multiple system anomalies, 29% of renal anomalies, 32.3% of GIT anomalies, and 3.2% of respiratory anomalies required surgical intervention. The study showed that multiple system anomalies were more likely to require surgical intervention. The percentage of need for intervention was least in renal anomalies. Conclusion: Pediatric Surgeons have a very important role in discouraging terminations for correctable anomalies. The time of presentation of various anomalies had no bearing on any particular system involvement. Renal anomalies were the most commonly detected and multiple system anomalies proportionately were more likely to require surgical intervention.