European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Helicobacter pylori is a common and important transmissible bacterial human pathogen. The prevalence of this infection varies world-wide from as low as 10 per cent in developed western nations to higher than 80 per cent among the indigenous populations of many developing countries. H. pylori infection is typically acquired in childhood. The risk of infection is inversely related to the overall sanitary conditions and requires exposure to other infected humans. Contaminated water is often the primary mode of transmission in rural areas without reliable supplies of potable water7,8. However, in regions of higher socio-economic status the risk of infection best correlates with the level of household hygiene. METHODOLOGY The present study was cross sectional in nature. It includes one hundred and fifty eight (158) patients both male and females patients attending OPD at Tertiary care teaching hospital with symptoms suggestive of gastro duodenal diseases, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study period was from April 2022 to March 2023. A total of 158 consecutive adult patients who presented to Hospital with symptoms of gastroduodenal diseases and referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. RESULTS: Among the study subjects10.8% were found to be having normal UGI scopy inspite of symptoms suggestive of gastro-duodenal diseases, majority of patients was diagnosed to be having Duodenal ulcer (25.3%), Gastric ulcer (21.5%), and gastric erosions (17.7%). In our study out of 158 study subjects 40 were found to be negative for H-pylori infection. Majority of H-pylori positive patients were found to be having H-pylori density 1+ (44.9%) Even though upper GI Endoscopy was normal, 9 patients were found to be having H-pylori infection. Among 18 Gastric malignancies patients, 8 were negative for H-pylori infection. 80% of the duodenal ulcer patients were found to be having H-pylori infection. 68% of the Gastric ulcer patients were found to be having H-pylori infection. 85.7 % of the gastric erosions patients had H-pylori infection. Conclusion: From Our study, we would like to conclude that age related prevalence is more in relatively younger age group than elderly, and prevalence is more in males. Among the gastro duodenal diseases the prevalence of H.pylori infection is high in duodenal ulcers followed by gastric ulcer. In our study we found that specificity and negative predictive value of Cag-A strain for gastric carcinoma were high and it has practical importance that Cag-A positive H-pylori strains are strongly associated with gastric cancers. In our study we found that specificity and negative predictive value of Ure-C strain for gastric carcinoma were high