European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Gastric and duodenal perforations are severe complications of peptic ulcer disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the etiological factors responsible for the higher incidence of gastric perforations and to evaluate the role of biopsy in the etiology and management of these perforations. Methods: A prospective, descriptive study was conducted on 50 patients with peritonitis due to gastric and duodenal perforations. The incidence of anatomical sites, age distribution, time of presentation, symptomatology, risk factors, and postoperative complications were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of X-ray erect abdomen and the role of edge biopsy were also evaluated. Results: The incidence of gastric perforation (96%) was significantly higher than duodenal perforation (4%) (p<0.00001). The 40-60 years age group had the highest incidence (42%). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (100%), and alcohol consumption and smoking were the most common risk factors (72% each). The diagnostic efficacy of X-ray erect abdomen was high (98%). Respiratory failure (56%) and surgical site infection (44%) were the most common postoperative complications. The mortality rate was 4%. Edge biopsy revealed a significant association between induration and malignant histopathological examination. Conclusion: The high incidence of gastric perforation, the prevalence of alcohol consumption and smoking as risk factors, and the importance of edge biopsy in detecting underlying malignancy were notable findings. Early presentation, prompt diagnosis, and timely management could contribute to lower mortality rates.