European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Erythropoietin produced mainly in the kidney is the main regulator of erythropoiesis. Experimental studies identified additional, non-hematopoietic, protective effects during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion due to inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of vasculogenesis and progenitor cell mobilisation. Based on these findings, five prospective, randomised, clinical trials have been performed. A short term regimen of erythropoietin was applied during PCI in patients with STEMI up to a cumulative dose of 100.000 IU. No changes in myocardial function or infarct size were observed after erythropoietin. Yet in two studies an increase in adverse events after erythropoietin was observed, whereas one study found an increase in major adverse clinical events in the control group. This review discusses experimental evidence of erythropoietin in acute myocardial infarction and its failure in clinical trials.