European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a prevalent global infection that is a leading cause of peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer. Determine the prevalence of H. Pylori in the province of Thi-Qar from 2017 to 2018. Data was collected utilizing a periscope on the second floor of Educationa Al Hussein Hospital's Gastroenterology Unit for patients with gastrointestinal ulcers on the basis of age, gender, housing area, and month. A survey of the therapies utilized throughout the world was performed to get information on ulcer therapy. The current study found that the number of people infected with H. pylori in 2017 was higher than the number of people infected in 2018, in both sexes, with the overall number of people infected in 2017 being higher than the total number of people infected in 2018. (250). Females between the ages of 15 and 35, living in the countryside during the month of May, had a significant frequency of H. pylori with gastric ulcer. The treatment of stomach ulcers employed in the gastrointestinal unit of the patients was positive tests for H.pylori infection, Treatments were pretty similar with the global sources, but were not categorized into standard or alternative therapy, and did not employ Levofloxacin in treatment. This demonstrates the doctor's ability in selecting proper treatment in Educational Al Hussein Hospital as an alternative therapy.

The risk of Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is high, and such a risk is not always fully taken into consideration, as Yamada et al. [1]. CF is characterized by altered management of intracellular Chloride (Cl-), owing to altered sequences in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator gene (CFTR). The heterozygous frequency of at least one of the over 1900 mutated sequences of this gene occurs in one of 13 and one of 24 people, respectively, of Ashkenazy and of European descent, a non- infrequent occurrence. Altered Cl- transport might occur also in heterozygous individuals, albeit at a somewhat non-dangerous level. Additional increased modification of Cl- transport can be caused by the Vacuolating Toxin (VacA) of Helicobacter pylori as its p33 subunit with the N-terminal part of the p55 subunit also acts as a chloride channel [2]. VacA is known to circulate in vescicles called exosomes; these are very stable, can enter any cell type, and, therefore, have been proposed as a vehicle for therapies that need to reach distant organs. We wish to report our experience of testing chloride (Cl-) concentration in the sweat of patients with liver cirrhosis, aiming at excluding a risk factor for liver cancer development. Cl- levels above 59 mmol/L were found in 13 adult female patients who accepted to perform the test at the Regional Centre for cystic fibrosis of Torino; this level is a bona fide positive for Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) dysregulation. Seven of these patients had already been diagnosed with cancer (or subsequently were diagnosed) at varying sites (two in breast, one each lung, liver, endometrium, stomach, acoustic nerve).

Post-partum Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening occurrence. A lady with such illness was successfully cured with anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibodies and mycophenolate [1]. This lady had been infertile for seven years, and underwent six attempts of in vitro fertilization without success. Several authors, and ourselves, found that a common cause of couple infertility is the infection by Helicobacter pylori, which can be cured at low price if recognized [2-4]. Moreover, in vitro fertilization reportedly failed in cases of ladies suffering of unrecognized infection by H. pylori [5], possibly by molecular mimicry between sperm and bacterial antigens [3,5,6]. Not only so, but this woman had been known to suffer of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). This illness had been found closely linked to H. pylori infection and to be reversible by eradication of the bacterium [7-9]. In conclusion we wish to stress the opportunity to test for presence of H.pylori in the long list of tests usually performed in infertile couple, and prior to pregnancy.

Background: H. pylori is the most common human bacterial pathogen that colonizes the gastric epithelium especially in those habitual Qat chewers; it influence can absorption of glucose which is also abnormal in DM patients, its common infection in diabetic patients who have inadequate metabolic control, this study was conducted to reveal the prevalence of H. pylori among T2DM and non-DM patients and potential risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of medicine, a tertiary care hospital in India, and there were 250 patients who included in this study. Data were collected through structural intervals questionnaire and sampling information. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori among diabetics was 29.2%. There was no significant association between H. pylori infections and diabetes (P> 0.05), most of the patients were 46-60 year age group, with male predominance (76.7%) H. pylori infections were not significantly associated with the smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity. H. pylori infection increased in longer duration of diabetes and the increase in HbA1c level. Conclusion: Positive H. pylori DM patients should update their sugar level values and control the disease. Further research is highly recommended on relationship between H. pylori infections and diabetes

Background: Peptic ulcers are the defects found in the gastric or duodenal mucosa and extend through the muscularis mucosa. Approximately 4 million people are affected by peptic ulcer disease every year.Material andMethods. This prospective observational study was conducted at the Postgraduate Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar (a tertiary care center) over a period of two years from October 2020 to October 2022.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of PULP (Peptic Ulcer Perforation) scoring system in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients operated for peptic ulcer perforation in our hospital.Results. 40 patients formed our study group. Maximum number of patients affected were in the younger age group, with median age of 25 years with male predominance (97.5%). Smoking was present in 67.5%. Serum creatinine was raised (>1.47mg/dl) in 22.5% patients. 90% patients were categorized as low risk according to PULP Score. Mortality was 5%, with PULP score of 11 each.  Conclusions.The prognostic predictors present in the PULP score are readily identified before surgery. The PULP score helps in accurate and early identification of high - risk patients with perforated peptic ulcer, and therefore assist in risk stratification and triage

Background: Gastritis, a significant public health concern worldwide, involves inflammation or irritation of the gastric mucosa. This condition is influenced by various factors such as health behaviors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, living conditions, and habits. It can be acute, chronic, or severe and is often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Contributing factors to gastritis include smoking, alcohol consumption, spicy foods, medications, stress, and infections. In India, the prevalence of gastritis is notable, with recent studies indicating a high incidence of H. pylori infection. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of gastritis among patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, non-interventional study was conducted with 150 subjects aged 14-65 years diagnosed with gastritis at MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, dietary habits, economic status, family history, stress levels, drug use, and medical history. Ethical approval was obtained, and written consent was provided by each participant.  Results: Out of 150 subjects, 73% were male and 27% female, indicating a male predominance. The age groups 14-25 and 36-45 years had the highest prevalence. A significant proportion (75%) had a mixed diet, and 54% were alcoholics, predominantly males. Urban residents (68%) exhibited a higher incidence of gastritis. Blood group A Rh+ was predominant (46%), and 6% were hypertensive. Spicy food consumption (73%) and frequent NSAID use (61%) were notable risk factors. High stress levels were reported by 47% of the participants. Associations were found between gastritis and psychological stress, menstrual history, sleeping patterns, and educational levels. Discussion: Gastritis prevalence is influenced by male gender, urban residence, alcohol consumption, spicy food intake, and frequent NSAID use. The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to address these risk factors. Physical labor, particularly among males, and stress are significant contributors. The study underscores the need for preventive strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications and stress management to reduce gastritis incidence. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and contributing factors of gastritis in the hospital. Males, urban residents, and individuals consuming spicy food and alcohol are at higher risk. The findings call for public health initiatives to address these risk factors through education, lifestyle changes, and stress reduction programs. Future research should explore tailored preventive strategies to mitigate the burden of gastritis in this population

Introduction: Gastritis is a prevalent clinical condition with a global incidence of over 50%. The primary cause of gastritis is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that infects about 50% of the world's population, especially in developing countries. The prevalence of H. pylori is influenced by geographic distribution, age, race, and socioeconomic status. It is a significant risk factor for gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma. Diagnosing H. pylori involves both endoscopic and non-endoscopic tests, with histological diagnosis and rapid urease tests being highly effective. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at MKCG Medical College and Hospital in Berhampur from January to December 2017. Patients with symptoms of gastritis underwent upper GI endoscopy, and tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and rapid urease tests. The study collected socio-demographic data and evaluated endoscopic findings using the modified Sydney system of grading. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Out of 325 enrolled cases, 66.15% were male, and 33.85% were female, with the majority being over 60 years old. The most common symptoms were heartburn (75.38%), dysphagia (65.85%), and abdominal pain (60.92%). Endoscopy revealed gastritis in 81.54% of cases. The rapid urease test was positive in 83.69% of cases, and histopathological examination confirmed H. pylori in 81.53% of cases. Inflammatory cellular infiltrates were graded, with significant correlations between endoscopic findings and H. pylori colonization. Discussion: The study highlights the high prevalence of H. pylori-associated gastritis, with significant gender and age-related trends. The rapid urease test proved to be a sensitive diagnostic tool, and the modified Sydney system provided a comprehensive evaluation of histopathological changes. The findings emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and management to prevent complications such as mucosal atrophy and gastric carcinoma. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastritis cases necessitates effective diagnostic and management strategies. Rapid urease tests and histopathological examination are reliable methods for detecting H. pylori and grading gastritis. Continuous surveillance and appropriate treatment are crucial to mitigate the health burden associated with H. pylori infection.

Background: Helicobacter pylori–induced chronic inflammation plays a central role in gastric carcinogenesis, yet the progression from histologic precursors to gastric adenocarcinoma remains under-characterized in semi-urban Indian populations. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 80 patients with biopsy-confirmed H. pylori infection at Government Medical College, Jangaon, Telangana, from August 2023 to August 2025. Patients underwent serial endoscopic and histopathologic evaluations every 6 months. Histological features, including inflammation, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia, were recorded. The primary outcome was the development of gastric adenocarcinoma at 24 months. Logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed using SPSS v27. Results: At baseline, 26.2% of patients had intestinal metaplasia and 11.2% had dysplasia. Over 24 months, 6.2% (n=5) developed gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients with baseline dysplasia had a fivefold higher relative risk of progression (RR=5.26; 95% CI, 1.01–27.37; p=0.17). Logistic regression identified both dysplasia (OR=17.04; p=0.057) and metaplasia (OR=22.21; p=0.053) as strong, near-significant predictors of malignancy. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed lower cancer-free survival in patients with dysplasia, with clear curve separation after 12 months. Conclusions: Histological dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia at baseline significantly increased the risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori–positive patients. Targeted surveillance based on early histologic markers may be critical for preventing malignant transformation in endemic settings.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a key etiological factor in chronic gastritis, contributing significantly to gastric mucosal alterations that can progress to peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. Histopathological examination of gastric biopsies provides essential insights into the spectrum of mucosal changes and aids in appropriate clinical management. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 gastric biopsy specimens from patients with clinically suspected chronic gastritis were analyzed. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, processed routinely, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Modified Giemsa stain was used to identify H. pylori. Histological features such as chronic inflammation, activity (neutrophilic infiltration), glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and lymphoid aggregates were assessed using the Updated Sydney System Results: Out of 150 biopsies, H. pylori was detected in 93 cases (62%). Chronic inflammation was seen in 135 cases (90%), while neutrophilic activity was noted in 78 cases (52%). Glandular atrophy was observed in 36 cases (24%), and intestinal metaplasia in 21 cases (14%). Lymphoid aggregates were present in 60 biopsies (40%). Among H. pylori-positive cases, 85% showed moderate to severe chronic inflammation, 70% exhibited active inflammation, and 32% had glandular atrophy. A statistically significant association was found between H. pylori infection and the presence of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis presents with a broad histopathological spectrum ranging from mild inflammation to atrophic changes and intestinal metaplasia. Early detection and histological grading are vital for the prevention of long-term complications including gastric malignancies. Routine gastric biopsies in dyspeptic patients enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide therapeutic decisions

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a common infection globally, and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unclear. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and clinical profile of H. pylori infection in T2DM patients and its relationship with glycemic status. Methods: This hospital-based observational study included 150 T2DM patients assessed using the rapid urease test and standard glycemic parameters. Results: H. pylori was detected in 45.3% of patients. No significant correlation was found between infection and FBS, PPBS, or HbA1c. GI symptoms like reflux and diarrhea were less frequent in infected individuals. Conclusion: While H. pylori infection is common in T2DM, its association with glycemic control is not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common etiological factor in dyspepsia, potentially altering gastric physiology by affecting acid secretion and pH regulation. Understanding this relationship is crucial for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To investigate the association of H. pylori infection with gastric acid secretion and fasting gastric pH levels among dyspeptic patients in a tertiary care setting. Methods: his cross-sectional observational study enrolled 100 adult dyspeptic patients. H. pylori infection was confirmed using rapid urease testing and histopathology from endoscopic biopsy specimens. Gastric pH was measured from fasting gastric juice, while basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) were assessed using standard pentagastrin stimulation tests. Dyspepsia was classified into functional, ulcer-like, and reflux-like subtypes. Results: H. pylori infection was detected in 58% of patients. Infected individuals had significantly higher mean fasting gastric pH (4.1 ± 1.3) compared to uninfected individuals (2.6 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). Acid secretion was markedly reduced in the H. pylori-positive group, with BAO and MAO values of 2.8 ± 1.1 mEq/hr and 12.1 ± 3.6 mEq/hr, respectively, versus 5.2 ± 1.4 mEq/hr and 18.7 ± 4.2 mEq/hr in the negative group (p < 0.001). Functional dyspepsia predominated among H. pylori-positive cases (65.5%). Conclusion: H. pylori infection is associated with hypochlorhydria and elevated gastric pH in dyspeptic patients. These findings underscore the role of H. pylori in gastric acid modulation and support its evaluation in dyspeptic symptom profiling.

Introduction: Post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is a collection of chronic or new-onset abdominal complaints after gallbladder surgery. The pathogenesis of these symptoms after cholecystectomy may be explained by the interaction of Helicobacter pylori infection with abnormal biliary dynamics. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection, endoscopic appearance, and PCS in a tertiary care facility. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Subharti Medical College, SVSU, Meerut on 120 patients with PCS. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric biopsies were done in all patients. Histopathological analysis for H. pylori was carried out by using routine and special stains. Endoscopic features and symptom profiles were correlated with H. pylori status.  Results: Of 120 patients, 61 (50.8%) were H. pylori positive. Bile reflux was observed in 45% of the cases, and there was a strong association between H. pylori infection and endoscopic gastritis (p < 0.001), gastric erosions (p = 0.045), and duodenogastric reflux (p = 0.002). The H. pylori-positive patients also showed a higher percentage of OLGA stage II or higher. Epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea were strongly prevalent in the infected group. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and mucosal pathology in PCS patients. Screening in the form of routine testing and selective eradication of H. pylori can enhance symptom control and potentially avoid progression to complicated gastric disease in this group.