European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction:Lower end of the esophagus portosystemic anastomosis formed by Left gastric vein and Esophageal tributaries of accessory hemizygous vein. Although all these vessels contribute to the shunting of esophageal collaterals or varices, are the most important clinically, because of their predilection to bleeding. Sclerotherapy is associated with a wide range of complications ranging from transient pyrexia to esophageal perforation resulting in death. Complications following sclerotherapy depends on a number of factors namely nature of sclerosant used, amount of sclerosant, injection site, concentration of the drug and the time interval between the sessions. Material And Methods: A prospective and observation study on management of esophageal varices by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using absolute alcohol as sclerosant has been done in Endoscopy Unit.

Background: Vascular malformation are congenital lesions with complex clinical presentations and management. Their classification and treatment options have considerably changed throughout the years, with conflicting evidence in the literature. Vascular malformations occur due to errors during vasculogenesis. They are present since birth, though they may not be apparent until later in life. These malformations are most frequently found in the head and neck, but can occur in any part of the body. Methodology- The study was carried out in the department of General Surgery of Tertiary care center teaching hospital from September 2018 to September 2020. The sample size taken for this study was 30 patients who were diagnosed as having vascular malformations and undergoing treatment. Patients were examined thoroughly and baseline findings were recorded. All the patients were subjected to either injection sclerotherapy, surgery or wait and watch treatment depending upon the vascular malformation and condition of patient. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate was used as sclerosing agent. Follow up of each patient was scheduled every 2 weeks, and therapy was repeated after 4 weeks, if there was no response or only a partial response. Result- The most commonly affected age group was 0-10 years. Cosmetic problems (63.33%)was the commonest symptom of  presentation. Most common type of malformation was venous malformation (83.33%)/ truncular malformation (70%). The most common location of vascular malformation was lower extremity (36.66%). A good response was achieved in majority of the patients (50%) treated with sclerotherapy in our study. Conclusion- Injection sclerotherapy is a relatively cost-effective procedure with low complications. Embolization is another treatment useful in cases of large AVMs where sclerotherapy and surgery are not possible