European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Oral cancer is a significant public health concern in India. This longitudinal study aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, causative microorganisms, and outcomes of postoperative infections among oral cancer patients in a tertiary medical college in India. Data were collected from patients undergoing surgical treatment for oral cancer over a defined period. The findings shed light on the prevalence of infections and can guide the development of preventive strategies and optimize postoperative care for this vulnerable patient group. Methods: it was a longitudinal observational study in which a total of 600 patients who were operated for oral cancer attending dental OPD in a tertiary hospital in Indiafrom September 2022 to August 2023 were studied and followed up. Results: A total of 600 patients who underwent surgery for cancers of the oral cavity during the study period of September 2022 to August 2023 were followed up. SSIs were noticed in 60 (10%) post-operative cases. This included 42 (70%) incisional SSIs and 18 (30%) organ/space SSIs. Culture of the surgical site in 60 infected patients yielded a total of 120 isolates. 15 patients (25%) had polymicrobial infections. Gram-negative bacterial isolates (70%) outnumbered gram-positive bacterial isolates (30%). Majority of the patients (48 patients—80%) were in stage IV disease. Successful management of patients with bacterial infections depends on early identification of bacterial pathogens and selection of an effective antibiotic against the organism. Judicial use of antibiotics is also very essential to prevent the development of drug resistance.

Background: Halitosis in children, often caused by intra-oral factors such as poor oral hygiene, dental caries, or gingivitis, can influence social interactions and parental concern. Parental awareness and knowledge regarding children’s halitosis are essential for timely intervention and improved oral health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 200 parent–child pairs attending the inpatient and outpatient pediatric dentistry services. A structured questionnaire assessed awareness of halitosis occurrence, knowledge of intra-oral etiological factors (dental caries, tongue coating, gingivitis), and actions taken. Data were summarized as mean scores (knowledge score: range 0–10) ± SD, percentages, and analyzed for associations with parental education level using t-tests and chi-square tests. Key Findings: Mean parental knowledge score was 6.2 ± 1.8 out of 10. Overall, 68% of parents recognized dental caries as a cause, 59% identified tongue coating, and 45% associated gingivitis (p < 0.001 across categories). Only 36% of parents reported having noticed halitosis in their child. Parents with university education demonstrated higher knowledge scores (6.8 ± 1.5) compared to those with high school or below (5.7 ± 1.9; p = 0.002). Among aware parents, 52% had taken steps to improve oral hygiene, while 24% sought professional dental care. Conclusion: Parental awareness of children’s halitosis due to intra-oral causes is moderate, and knowledge is modestly aligned with education level. Educational interventions targeting oral hygiene and common intra-oral causes of halitosis are warranted.

Introduction: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged over the past decade as important alternatives to traditional anticoagulants such as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).Among them, rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is widely prescribed for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism management, and prophylaxis following orthopedic surgeries. AIM: Study of postoperative bleeding risk for oral surgery under continued rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Dentistry, Govt. Medical college, Barmer, for 6 months, on 63 patients were included during the study periodConsecutive patients receiving rivaroxaban who required simple tooth extraction(s) were enrolled. Result: Among 63 patients on rivaroxaban undergoing oral procedures, the majority were older adults (50–60 years: 39.4%; >60 years: 28.6%) with a mild male predominance (57%). Atrial fibrillation was the most common indication (47.6%), followed by DVT (23.8%) and PE (15.9%). Postoperative bleeding was mostly mild and manageable, occurring in 60% of cases, with only 2% requiring hospital admission. Conclusion: Oral surgical procedures, including extractions, can be safely performed in patients on continued rivaroxaban therapy, with most bleeding being mild and manageable, however oral anticoagulant increase the risk of bleeding. Atrial fibrillation was the most common indication, and careful hemostatic measures minimize the risk of significant postoperative complications

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as one of the most pressing global health threats, undermining decades of progress in modern medicine. The increasing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents poses a direct danger to human health and challenges the effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches.  Aim: Theaim is to evaluate the effect of prophylactic antibiotics in dental implant surgery.  Methodology: This study was designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on outcomes of dental implant surgery.The trial was conducted at Department of Dentistry, Govt. Medical college, Barmer between 2022 to 2023 for 1 yr. Result: The study included 125 patients, evenly divided between the antibiotic and placebo groups, with similar baseline characteristics, implant sites, and implant systems. Postoperative complications were low, with slightly fewer infections in the antibiotic group. Implant survival was high in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months, with minimal differences in implant failure rates. Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis provides only a modest benefit in routine dental implant surgery, with high implant survival and low complication rates in both groups. Routine use may not be necessary for healthy patients and should be reserved for those with specific risk factors

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the oral cavity, representing approximately 3% of all cancers worldwide and more than 90% of all oral cancers. It remains a major public health challenge due to its high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Aim: To assess the Salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma Methodology: This was a case–control study conducted in the Department of dentistry, Govt medical college, Dungarpur, between Dec 2022 to Nov 2023. A total of 58 participants were enrolled, consisting of 29 histopathologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Result: In this study, most OSCC cases were middle-aged males with a high prevalence of smoking and alcohol use.More than half presented with lymph node metastasis and advanced-stage tumors (T III–IV). Salivary biomarkers (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, CYFRA 21-1, LDH) were significantly elevated in cases, while AZGP1 was reduced compared to controls. Conclusion: Salivary biomarkers such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, CYFRA 21-1, and LDH were significantly elevated in OSCC, while AZGP1 was reduced. These findings suggest that salivary biomarkers can serve as reliable, non-invasive tools for early detection and monitoring of OSCC.